South America Population Growth

The notation of what is a nation has changed greatly over time in Latin America. Two groups that exemplifies that are the asian and indigenous population of Latin America. Both groups were categorized differently throughout time and from each other. Countries in Latin America brought the asian population as labor. This resulted in the asian workers being classified as solely foreign labor not a part of the nation. Later the asian population will be seen more as an outside group than true members of the country causing great tension between them and the “natives”. Most recently, the population has been more accepted due to their “mother country” becoming a world power. Similarly, the indigenous population notation of what a nation is has

The demographic transition model, derived by famed demographer Warren Thompson, is a model that conveys the demographic stage in which a certain country fits. This is broken up into five major stages. In stage 1, birth rates and death rates are high. This trend was common all around the world before the Industrial Revolution. So, population remains constant, however it can have major swings as events like wars or pandemics occur. Next, in stage 2, modern medicine becomes available and so it lowers death rates all while birth rates remain high; therefore, the population grows rapidly. Many of the least developed countries today are in this stage of the model. Next, in stage 3, birth rates decrease, almost always as a result of the improvement in economic conditions, women having more rights, and contraception being available. Population growth continues, however at a slower rate. Many of the developing countries today are in stage 3. In stage 4, birth and death rates are both very low. This fact stabilizes the population. Countries that fall in this stage tend to have strong economies, high levels of education available to most anyone, high quality healthcare, a large amount of women are working, and a fertility rate of around two children per woman during her childbearing years. Most of the developed countries today fall into this stage of the model. Stage 5 of the demographic

The majority of population growth in the next century is expected to be concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa because many of those regions are in developmental stages where infant mortality is still high, as are birth rates, resulting in a high natural increase rate. Because China and India have already gone through much of the social developments that have educated their people and has created lower fertility rates, and has lowered their population projections. Both of these reasons have resulted in African countries having much smaller doubling times in their populations compared to those in Asia.

Than in 2007 67 percent of women between 17 and 45 used contraceptives. So more contraceptive use in Asia would definitely help out with the population problem. Females are actually preferring sterilization with 37 percent of females in India and 28 percent in china. China actually is one of the highest rate for contraceptive use in the world. 84 percent of women who are currently married. Contraceptives has to be one of the best ways to weaken population growth. It is one of the most used methods throughout the world. Condoms and the birth control pill were only 3.7 percent used and 1.3 percent used by women 15-49 years

This spread in the demographic data available to contemporary researchers show that as nations become more developed, fertility rates do not increase exponentially as predicted, nor even linearly, but eventually plateau or potentially even decrease. This concept, demographic transition, has many contributing factors, many of which are uncertain. Still, even if these influences are poorly constrained, the overall trend towards replacement rates of reproduction is well established. The best example of steady and sustainable population levels is the European Union. The EU is highly industrially and agriculturally developed, yet has growth rates near zero percent, and not only a sufficient domestic food supply, but an exportable surplus of grains.

Population growth is one of the most important thing for the countries planners, economist and obviously for the government to plan for next 50 to 100 years.

During the 1960s, dire Malthusian warnings about the impact of overpopulation, consumption and resource depletion caused only a ripple of concern in the international community as the Green Revolution and modern birth control methods and practices appeared to provide a viable solution to these problems. Unfortunately, even though innovations in agricultural practices have increased yields even further than during the second half of the 20th century, most authorities agree that realistic limits are already being reached. Complicating issues for policymakers today is the paradoxical nature of population growth, with many wealthy nations experienced negative population growth while a number of impoverished developing nations are experiencing explosive population growth, placing even heavier demands on already scant resources. To determine how the issues of overpopulation, consumption, and resource depletion relate to wealthy nations and developing nations and how can these issues be addressed, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion.

The increase in population is caused by a few things. One of them is that the world’s level of fertility has risen and more people and teens are having kids. Although some countries are growing slower or even decreasing, there are places like Africa that is increasing at an alarming rate. They have more and more kids each year.

With the world running out of resources and struggling to sustain the recent boom in world population, governments around the world have been responding by trying to curb population growth with population programmes. Fertility Transition is a process whereby a country changes from a high birth rate to lower birth rate and is measured in terms of number of live births per 1000 women. This process usually occurs when a country is developing. Countries which are undergoing fertility transition in recent years have undergone a much more rapid transformation than when the present day developed economies underwent transition a couple hundred years ago. High fertility is often associated with poverty as there is a lack of education, healthcare and lack of sustainability within a country. The reasons which cause a country to experience fertility transition include; the changing of economy structure or economic growth, investment in education and the provision/subsidisation of contraception.

It’s a common fear that population growth will exhaust resources and result in social or economic disaster if it is not controlled. It is anticipated that most of the projected population growth during this century will take place in developing nations. These countries have faced many challenges in recent years, including low levels of education, poor health standards, scarcity, limited housing, natural resource exhaustion, strife, and monetary and governmental command by other countries. In places like Africa, industrial development has stalled and most workers still make a living from survival agriculture. The association between population and the environment is a complicated one, human cultures’ bearings on the environment are a

West Africa has the highest infant mortality rate in the world - for every 1000 live births, 70 children die before their first birthday (Wang, 2014). National infant mortality rates vary from 18.8 deaths per 1000 live births in Cape Verde to 89.9 deaths per 1000 live births in Guinea-Bissau. Nonetheless, the leading causes of infant mortality are largely the same across the region: neonatal conditions (26 percent), malaria (21 percent), pneumonia (21 percent), diarrhea (17 percent), measles (6 percent) and HIV/AIDS (4 percent). The “desired children” hypothesis of fertility asserts that high fertility primarily reflects desired number of children (Pritchett, 1994). In this regard, high infant mortality may motivate women to have more children to attain their preferred family size. Thus aside the important population health implications of reducing high infant mortality rates, demographic theory predicts that improved child survival is accompanied by declines in fertility reflecting reduced demand for replacement births to achieve a given target family size. The influence of reduced infant mortality on fertility decline has also been established empirically in a wide range of settings (Barnum, 1988). Declines in infant mortality, falls in fertility rates, and lower average family sizes lead to changes in population age structure and stimulate increased female labor

The country that is chosen for comparison with United States of America‘s family policy is a country found in the continent of Africa. Located on the western region of Africa is the country named NIGERIA. This country is regarded in African as the most popular country in the continent of Africa and among the most popular countries in the world it takes the position of the eighth. On the other hand the United States is seen one of the countries sit among the top countries of the world is also known as the pioneer of the free world. Unlike Nigeria, the United States of America is already a developed country. The overall population of Nigeria is 186 million and these population is supposedly to grow to about 239 million by the year 2025 according to some researchers. Comparing the population in Nigeria to the population in the United States of America, it is twice the number of the population of Nigeria. According researchers, it is reported that this is due to the fertility rate in the country however the fertility rate has gradually deteriorated since the post- World War II baby boom. Looking into the data collected by researchers the population size of that of Nigeria is still higher than that of the United States. The fertility rate of Nigeria is at 5.07 though larger than that of U.S and with the type of economy of the country sinking into downturn, yet Nigerians are bringing more children in the world. The economy of Nigeria is not as rich as that of the United States.

According to the book, there are three main factors that influence population growth. The first factor the book addresses is childhood mortality. Childhood mortality refers to the amount of children who die before age five. According to a website called ourworldindata.com, the child mortality rate in 2015 was around 4.3 percent. Childhood mortality can impact population growth because if the mortality rate is high, the amount of childhood deaths would cause less population growth. A decrease in childhood mortality could cause families to have smaller families since there is a higher likelihood of their children surviving. Education is the second factor that impacts population growth. According to the book, people who are educated tend to wait to have children or get married due to their occupation or due to them working towards their occupation. This can impact population growth by reducing the number of children a women has due to her getting married older, having children when she is older, and dedicating time to work and children. Women who live in uneducated areas tend to marry and have children around their teens, increases the population yet also increasing poverty and lack of hygiene. The third and last factor is the lack of access to contraceptives. According to the book, contraceptives tend to decrease the amount of children a women has, allows more women to have children who survive the birthing process, and reduces the amount of women who die in childbirth. This

In Africa, the rate of growth has been greatly affected by the political, economic and social changes. This is an analysis of the current events and how economic, political and social changes can affect growth in this region.

According to Van Ginneken and van Diepen (1993, p 354), population growth appears to vary across the world and especially between less developed (LDC’s) and more developed countries (MDC’s). The greatest population growth appears most likely to arise in LDC’s. Van Ginneken and van Diepen (1993, p 355) suggest that in LDC’s, such as Africa for example, prospective, fast-paced population growth has been attributed to the fact that the youth of the population are expected to produce a significant amount of children into the future i.e. each prospective family is likely to at least produce one or two children. This is known as a demographic transition and occurs in both LDC’s and MDC’s. In the midst of this transition process, LDC’s tend to have elevated birth rates; it is at this point that population growth is at its greatest (Van Ginneken and van Diepen, 1993, p 355). Overall LDC’s appear to have a far more volatile population growth than MDC’s (Van Ginneken and van Diepen, 1993, p 355).