South Sudan Research Paper

All beginning in the late 1980’s, General Omar Bashir took over Sudan using a military Coup, therefore allowing the National Islamic Front to worsen the problems. Weapons started to flow into Darfur because of these conflicts, and little by little the native farmers started

The next paragraph will talk about the civil war and I will show you some stats about the numbers. The war is important because whoever wins gains power over the whole region of sudan. This civil war has been going on for 25 years on and off. There were about 67 times as many deaths in this war as 911. This is why the sudanese civil war is

The economy overall of Sudan after the civil war was very underdeveloped and terribly managed. The population of Sudan in 2013 was approximately 38 million people, with about 11.3 million of the people living South Sudan. Conflict continued with the Southern Sudan rebels even after the second civil war which also hurt the economy. Not only that, but the economy is poorly governed. The reason Sudan doesn’t have the greatest economy in our world today is because of the amount of people that are poor and unemployed.

Sudan was well known for its diversity in language, religion, and background. People in northern Sudan are mostly Muslims of Arab descent, while people in southern Sudan follow Christianity and tribal religions and are of African descent. Thus, “Sudan’s population is divided by ethnic, linguistic, and religious differences.” The government was primarily composed of northern Sudanese, who had lots of power and control over the country’s matters. Southern Sudanese, on the other hand, had little say in the government and their autonomy and rights were harshly limited. This led to the first civil war between the Sudanese government and the SPLA, or the Sudan People’s

This is not in spirit of them ending the 22 year civil war in 2011. Sudan has always accused South Sudan of this, it is not something that just randomly happened one day. One month ago both countries have pledged that the fighting will stop in 21 days. Even though the two countries relationship has been shaky the Judan government has asked for a reopening of the borders, and has asked them to stay open. North Sudan needs South Sudan because North Sudan's holds more than one million South Sudan refugees.

Since the 1500s different groups of people tried to colonize and rule over Sudan. Because of the constant conquering by different people Sudan never really achieved a state of peace. In 1504 Sudan was conquered by The Funj Sultanate, who were Muslims immigrants from Arabia that introduced Islam into the region. Then

The civil war which eventually lead to the independence of South Sudan is also one of the most prominent causes of famine in the hunger-struck nation. Prior to this event was the First Sudanese Civil War, in which Northern Sudan fought Southern Sudan from 1955 until 1972. Beginning in 1983, the Second Sudanese Civil War lasted all the way until 2005 when the Sudan People’s Liberation Army finally claimed victory. The violence in South Sudan ruined crops throughout the region. Crops such as maize and sorghum are utilized in the majority of Sudanese cooking, and are essential to the nourishment of the people, providing them with food such as porridge, bread, and cereal. However, as a result of the war, these staples have become scarce. In fact, “in 2013, the Unity state's traditional sector produced 26,000 tons of cereal which by 2016 had dropped to 9,000 tons, according to the Food and Agricultural Organization” (Mednick). The drop in production illustrates the hunger crisis; clearly, the production rate of cereal parallels the production rate of these essential grains. This decrease in crop production only adds to the hunger crisis in the region, as the limit on supplies becomes continuously restricted. However, not only did the violence impact food production, but it negatively impacted the economy of the country. According to World Vision International, a humanitarian aid organization, “decades of civil war before South Sudan became a nation…have left it one of the poorest countries in the world,” (Reid). South Sudan, one of the world’s newest nations, has also become one of the weakest economically because of on-going war and violence. In addition to their comment on the impact of the civil war, World Vision International claimed that “famine [has been] declared in parts of Unity state in what the U.N. calls a man-made

Sudan and their contested border to secure any tensions with oil exportation. Even with the deal being signed it only partially resolves some of the issues between the two neighboring states to the brink of war, Sudan and South Sudan. Despite the influence of the United Nations as well as the United States through the North South Peace Act, the ethnic tensions still exist continuing to stall Sudan’s progress as a state. Tensions have been high since the South seceded from Sudan in July 2011. “Africa and the International System: The Politics of Survival” , by Christopher Clapham (1996). How did these states manage to survive- for a period of some thirty five years, in most cases after formal independence within a global order dominated by states

The conflict in Darfur flared in 2003 when rebels in Darfur took up arms, accusing the government of neglecting the region. The government responded with a counter-insurgency campaign. More than 2.3 million people have been displaced, most of them living in dirty camps in Darfur and in neighbouring Chad. Peacekeepers and aid workers have restricted access to those in need. Civilians have come under attack from government troops, pro-government militia and rebel groups. Arab militias are also fighting each other, and there are frequent clashes between tribes. The Sudanese government was and is widely accused of arming militias drawn from Arab tribes who have used “scorched-earth” tactics against the rebels' communities. The government in Khartoum

independence from Sudan on July 9, 2011. The have only had one president who on

The Sudanese Civil War is a conflict in Sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces of the north and the south.Although this was the start of what is referred to as the civil war, Sudan has been divided by war for centuries, the North African Arabs prayed on the African Christian south, in the 80’s the Sudan’s vast oil resources were discovered. The Sudanese civil wars are generally referred to in three different events; the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005), and the South Sudanese Civil War (2013-present).

While still struggling to achieve peace with Sudan since its independence in 2011, South Sudan is now rife with inner-conflict. Rebel forces led by the former Vice-President Riek Machar want to overthrow the South Sudanese government, led by President Salva Kiir.

The rebellion of the Southerners was spearheaded by a political party called the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) and its armed faction, the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army (SPLA).

The origin of the war between these two regions goes back to the 1950s when the country, which was previously two separate nations, was made one after World War II by the west. Shortly after this union, Sudan was emancipated from England. 1983 marks the beginning of the violent relations between the North and South Sudan. The initiation of this conflict was brought forth by the Islamic Sudanese of the North, invading with military force the Southern Sudanese Christians . From 1983, it is estimated that at least two million people have been killed in the violent duration of this genocide, most of whom are of the Christian faith and lead non-violent civilian lives. Attention on human trafficking was brought into the international community’s scope with close proximity to the beginning of the violence as two professors from the University of Khartoum shed light on the subject. Ushari Ahmad Mahumud and Suleyman Ali Baldo learned about the genocide and enslavement being practiced on the Dinka people, a tribal group in the southern Sudan, and upon this discovery they dicided to investigate it further. What they found was that raiders from the north were killing the Southern Christian men and kidnapping the women and children to be sold into slavery. The most disturbing part of this discovery was the newfound knowledge that this had been going on for over two years. Professors Mahumud and Baldo

Issues that are problematic to the South Sudan criminal justice system besides the civil war, and humanitarian concerns, are the law enforcement. Justice and accountability; there are mass killings, sexual violence, and other war crimes have been widely documented by journalists and human rights groups in South Sudan. Children have been pulled out of school and the UN estimates there are at least 9,000 child soldiers that have been recruited into the current conflict on both sides. Law enforcement is suppose to be in place to keep the peace, serve and protect, but instead they are