Southern Manifesto: Prejudice And Racism

In order to show how the “separate but equal” doctrine came to be, as a class we created a mock trial of the Plessy v. Ferguson case. The idea of separate but equal allowed states to segregate black and white people through public services and accommodations for over 60 years. Despite this idea of equality in the doctrine, many people took advantage of it, as it gave both black and white people an influence on whether they were inferior or superior.

The Supreme Court is perhaps most well known for the Brown vs. Board of Education decision in 1954. By declaring that segregation in schools was unconstitutional, Kevern Verney says a ‘direct reversal of the Plessy … ruling’1 58 years earlier was affected. It was Plessy which gave southern

The Changing Concept of Race in the South Throughout the years, the concept of race has changed in the South.

An understanding of the Fourteenth Amendment begins not in Congress, but in the history leading up to the Civil War. The first crucial story in understanding the Fourteenth Amendment is the striking changes in the law of race relations that took place in the North - especially in Bingham’s home state of Ohio - in the dozen or so years before the Civil War began. The second story is about the South, and the legal repression and brutal racial violence that took place there immediately after the Civil War ended (Finkelman, 2003).

After the American Civil War, immigration has played a critical role that was seen as a problematical threat on religious, cultural, economic, and political aspects. Due to immigration from Europe, the United States population increased exceptionally in which has allowed a diverse view or perspective in Nativism and Racism. Both of these ideologies have various differences with definite degrees being successful during the elements of American history. Elements contained by immigrant groups or policies such as the “Jim Crow Laws” or “Ku Klux Klan” have significantly reformed patterns within America’s settlements.

The Southern Manifesto urged states to oppose playing out the commands that were come to in the Brown v. Board of Education choice with respect to the racial reconciliation of government funded schools. The manifesto, signed by nineteen members of the U.S. Senate and eighty-one members of the U.S. House of Representatives, explains why these southern politicians in the federal government expressed that it would invert the choice since the court’s decision opposed the U.S. Constitution. The first Constitution did not discuss education as well as the Fourteenth Amendment or any of alternate changes that were made to the Constitution around then. Congress trusted that the civil arguments that went before the accommodation of the Fourteenth Amendment were evidence that the revision was not planned to influence frameworks of education on the state level.

For more than decades the court has continued to be pivotal in some of the biggest decisions for the social identity of America. Specifically noting that for many years the majority of Americans supported things that shaped the identity of American history (i.e. Slavery, Gay marriage, Sodomy, etc.). Erwin Chemernisky continues to examine whether the courts roles in major social issues have failed the American people or not. Erwin continues to explain that the supreme courts failures culminated together, are not only a failure for race issues in America, but also a failure to interpret the constitution effectively (21). These broad generalizations of the court flourish throughout his book, however, it is final assessment of the court that leaves the most to be contended with. Specifically noting that overall the court has done way more harm than good with regards to addressing minority issues an in wake of the warren court has continued to make flawed decisions in favor of the majority (53). This rhetoric must be addressed and analyzed by first looking to professor Erwin’s view of the courts take on minority, secondly analyzing his take on the court before and after the warren era and lastly addressing his support and analysis of the purpose of judicial review. Through this analysis it will become evident that Erwin Chemernisky has misinterpreted the supreme courts position as a protector of minority rights instead of the upholder and interpreter of the constitution and law.

On January 28, 2016 I went with my choir to the Peace Center to watch a poet and musician in a show called Southern Voices: Black, White, and Blues. The show included a African American female poet, Glenis Redmond, and a white male blues musician, Scott Ainslie who came together to spread the message of the Old South. Both Glenis and Scott shared personal experiences and then performed a piece based on the story. They mostly performed individually but did perform some pieces together.

Our government's job is to provide safety, equality, and to preserve our freedoms as human beings. Laws are put in place in order to assure that these elements are enforced. However, as seen several times throughout history, the government often fails to do so. Whether the country’s idea of moral standard changes or a new people group infiltrates in, laws are often alternated in an attempt to better the satisfaction of the people. Yet in the past, these laws have failed to acknowledge the natural rights given to each human. For example, fugitive slave laws; and later, segregation laws. People who recognized the immorality within these laws would disregard these in order to bring the depravity of these laws to light, following their moral obligations. If these people had not spoken out against these laws, they would still exist today. Segregation laws degraded people’s humanity, so it was assertively immoral to follow them. Many

In Chapter 1, Maston discuses the Supreme Court’s decision of 1954. Maston states that the Supreme Court’s decision of May 17, 1954, “declared that school segregation was contrary to the federal constitution” (p. 1). How can school segregation, based on earlier Supreme Court rulings, be constitutional on May 16, 1954, and unconstitutional on May 17, 1954 without any change in the Constitution? Obviously, the Supreme Court’s ruling was more political than judicial. As it relied on sociologists and other social scientists instead of the Constitution, previous Supreme Court rulings, and historical understanding and intent of the Constitution proves that the decision was political. The Supreme Court, especially since Franklin Roosevelt’s appointments, seldom lets the Constitution stand in the way of political expediency.

The deep south: Georgia; Louisiana; Alabama; Mississippi and South Carolina is a place foreign to many in the Western World. Although, being within the same country, it is clear that the ‘land of cowboys’ couldn’t be more different than the beaches of California and the skyscrapers of New York. However, it is easily one of the places in which property and land can be bought cheapest. This can be traced back hundreds of years to when the slave market was first established. When cotton was first found to be extremely useful in the 1800s it was discovered that the deep south had perfect conditions to grow the crop. Many plantations were created and by 1850 four million African and African-American slaves were living down south, with most of them working on the plantations for up to 16 hours a day. Owners taught their slaves Christianity in order to learn about slaves being loyal to their masters as in many accounts in the bible. Those owners of plantations with excess of 100 slaves were some of the richest people in the US with many sending their children to schools in the North or even abroad. Despite the budding economic growth, the industry collapsed in the 1860s, with the appointment of Abraham Lincoln as president.

In the South, they were suffering heavily under the "Jim Crow" laws that segregated schools, restaurants, hotels, hospitals, etc. They saw North as an escape from all the discriminations and mistreatments they received from the states and the Whites in the South. Also during this time, the northern cities were booming economically and salaries paid to the workers were much higher than compared to the South. This drew many to move up North in pursuit of higher wages.

Humanity has overcome an immense amount of hardship. We have overcame wars, diseases, natural disasters and so many more things. The biggest hardship is in the making. It is the hatred that we have for one another that is the fuel for this catastrophe. Many prominent people are speaking on this issue, but it is falling on the ears of deaf people, murder, rape, war crimes, racism are everyday events. Out of all of these, racism is something no one deserves to experience. Racism is basically prejudice and discrimination against the people of a certain race and sadly, it still prevails.

Dr. Martin Luther King’s “I have a dream” speech in 1963 emphasized the idea that the founding of the United States entailed a promise of equality for all citizens. This, of course, would have been a very important idea in the mind of Dr. King and his followers as they sought to end racism in the United States, and gain civil liberties for blacks across the nation. Although that movement was turning point regarding civil liberties and racism in the United States, the work was certainly not finished. Since then, the battle for equality has continued and expanded to include much more than race. Today, the battle for equality encompasses race, gender, economic status, and many others. The writers of the Constitutional chose to include the belief that all men are created equal, and have rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Dr. King understood the founding of the United States, and therefore its Constitution, to be a promise of equality for all citizens. The questions are, how well has this promise been met, and how will the Supreme Court today impact this process? In order to answer this question, it is paramount to analyze Supreme Court decisions and federal laws regarding constitutional principles, civil liberties and equality, and representation and citizen participation. These decisions and laws reveal that although the promise of equality for all citizens was not met well for many years, it has improved with time, and will continue to improve under the

On May 17 1954 the United States Supreme Court came to a decision that had immediate results on the lives of two groups of American citizens who from the early days of the republic were characterized, polarized and then segregated by their physical, cultural and religious differences. Historic experiences have frequently characterized these groups into clear racial and social being. Both groups learned to come up with specific assumptions about the value of law and justice in relationship to their assigned place in society. These assumptions created difficulties in both political and social advances by supposed minority groups, people of African descent, an amended version of the American Constitution eventually asserted "No State shall make