Sowbug Report

Moisten filter paper with a few drops of solvent and turn on water vacuum to fullest extent

Our main problem was using moist soil instead paper towel since the isopods adore burrowing underground. Moreover, this had a huge impact on our trial because our experiment was all about observing which side the isopods approve, dark or light. During the process, we noticed paper towels were also a false cause at the start. We didn't shield the whole bottom portion which caused the isopods to mount and escape to the bottom. So our group had to take the isopods out from the bottom and restart our whole trial to make sure the base was covered thoroughly. We had to manually stop the stopwatch which had human errors. One person had to watch the stopwatch while the other three had to observe the isopods. The last problem in our lab was one of our chambers. The dark chamber wasn' enfolded around perfectly with black construction paper, so there was a light shining through the chamber which made the experiment not accurate. The smallest light can affect the experiment since our group said dark chambers, so it needs to be shaded over fully. Our group could have improved this by not using construction paper and using something more

One sowbug was then placed in the 3cm gap of the container and 30 seconds was started on the stopwatch. When time was completed we observed which side, grass or sand, the sowbug had preferred. Then, the sowbug was removed and a new one was placed in the container. The same steps were taken for each of the 20 bugs.

Three of the pill bugs went to the scented side, then two of those three came back. The remaining 7 pill bugs moved a little on the same side they were on starting at that interval.

For this experiment, we used a solid piece of styrofoam tray that served as the confines for our experiment. We then gathered three different types of environments, sand, soil, and a leafy mixture, and separated each equally into each corner of the styrofoam board. We used five pill bugs in the first part of the experiment. This created four different settings on the board that the pill bugs could choose from. For the group part of the experiment, we used one stopwatch to keep a total time that the pill bugs were placed in the styrofoam board, a total of five minutes. For this part of the experiment we did not keep track of the total time that the bugs spent in each environment, but instead recorded the environment that the most bugs were

Once the pillbugs were in the kale chamber, they directly went under the kale and stayed there. One thing I could’ve done better with the experiment was break the kale into smaller bits so that the pillbugs had no chance of hiding underneath it. Another factor to consider was, the amount of light that was present during the experiment, pillbugs are nocturnal, which means that they are active night. If this experiment were to be retested, I would strongly suggest to use the same size bits of food and for the test to be done at night or a much darker

5) Once an hour is up you need to take the cylinders out of the solution and dry them off with some paper towel.

Record qualitative observations made over the 7 day period. This includes observations made to the control agar plate in the incubator.

Physical can be urticating hairs found in caterpillars or fecal shields utilize by tortoise beetle larvae. Chemical defense can be blistering agent (i.e. cantharidin) secreted by meloid beetles or explosive hot noxious mixture (i.e. combination of hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide) compounds ejected by bombardier beetle upon attacks. Behavioral aggression denotes defensive behaviors such as biting, thrashing, dropping, and regurgitation. The primary purpose of these defensive behavior is make it difficult for predator to capture them. Escape behavior is observed when prey organism actively try to escape predation such as when aphids drop from their host plant to floor when under attack by a ladybird beetle. Acoustical interference is a specialized defensive behavior against predators that utilize echolocation to hunt. For example, tiger moth can jam the echolocation cries of bats with ultrasonic clicks. Recruitment of bodyguards can reduce probability of attack via establishing mutually beneficial relationship with organism that may deter predator. For example, many aphid species produce honeydew that attract ants which subsequently protection to aphids against their predators.

Cut a piece of filter paper so it would fit into a petri dish. 2.

By the second week, there wasn’t much preparation left, simply added 2 more worms, and added a bit more water.

Place the filter paper on the vacuum filter apparatus and filter 100mL of deionized water.

Table 1 shows the groups beetle population as the experiment progressed. In week one, the control group, (C), started with 22 beetles, Treatment 1, (T1), started with 25 beetles, Treatment 2, (T2), started with 24 beetles, and Treatment 3, (T3), started with 23 beetles. In week four, all vials showed population growth. Group C showed the least amount of growth with a population of 159, while T1 had 141, T2 had 120, and T3 had 78. In week six,

In total there will be three trays that will have material for each of the three challenge questions.

2. Add 100 ml of water and 1.5 grams of detergent powder as surface active agent.