Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is an information infrastructure providing access and enabling

purposes of this paper, only PaaS and SaaS will be discussed. According to the Chief

Data and information management is a huge growth area. But it's not just data management creating new job opportunities, its gathering, analyzing, storing and securing the data as well.

Cloud computing offers services to users based on on-demand self-service, broad network access, measured service, resource pooling and rapid elasticity; These characteristics promise a faster time for implementation, lower cost, superior scalability and a better end user satisfaction. These services are delivered in models known as Software As A service (SaaS), Platform As A Service (PAAS), and Infrastructure As A Service (IAAS). The first layer which is the Software As A service (SaaS) is the layer in which software applications are delivered to end users. Below is the Platform As A Service (PAAS) layer which offers a platform on which applications can be developed. The lowest layer is the Infrastructure As A Service (IAAS) layer, in this layer the physical servers and network infrastructure is offered as a service. These services can be deployed throughout the internet (Public Cloud Computing), on the intranet infrastructure, (Private Cloud Computing), in a shared community of private networks (Community Cloud Computing), or a hybrid of both (Hybrid Cloud Computing). The service deployment models are [8]:

There are three major cloud deployment models along with few other emerging models like federated and intercloud [1].

Cloud Computing and Web Services have become well known services that companies have been using. Web services provide the ways that organizations can use applications to communicate with each other across the internet. Cloud computing provides various types of service, such as software as a service, where a provider gives the company software that they can use for their business functions. While this may seem that both types of services are different from each other, they do share similarities that companies should take notice. Service oriented architecture has also started to become a useful feature that helps with integration in companies. One problem is that some companies have difficulty in implementing service oriented architecture, but cloud computing has started to become an option that has caused an impact in service oriented architecture and integration.

There are three service models for Cloud Computing, SaaS (Software as a Service), Paas (Platform as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service). It is important for businesses to fully understand the knowledge about each models before investing on Cloud Computing.

Cloud computing has evolved with the passage of time and has revolutionized the entire ICT industry. Cloud computing is categorized into two forms Service oriented computing and Grid Computing. Service oriented Computing is an transpiring paradigm that has revamped the consumption of software and related product all around the globe. The core functionalities that service oriented computing provide is elements and that are independent of platforms and are programmed using standard protocols to support distributed computing across various organizations. [2]

Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a client with a platform that enables to develop, run, and manage applications. Additionally, a provider controls the infrastructure,

at the innermost implementation layer, there is infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) model which is extended to form the platform-as-a-service (PaaS) layer by adding OS and middle¬ware support. PaaS further by applications on data, content, and meta¬data using special APIsis created to extends to the software-as-a-service (SaaS) model. all protection functions at all levels are being demanded by SaaS. At the other extreme, IaaS demands protec¬tion mainly at the networking, trusted com¬puting, and compute/storage levels, whereas PaaS embodies the IaaS support plus additional protection at the resource-management level.

Cloud services provides flexible, elastic, and dynamic platform. There is wide range of services that could be provided by cloud providers. Based on blabla, there are 3 models of cloud services that widely popular. They are Infratructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).

What exactly is GIS? Geographical Information System is the use of mapping the geography of a given area to gain knowledge about it. To start mapping an area you first need a base map, this can be 2-dimensional or even three dimensional. Once the base map is established, there is an endless amount of data that can be used based upon the topic. This practice of using GIS originated in the 1960’s with a nuclear arms program; now it is being used for multiple different reasons. One

It is mentioned in the paper that "the future of utility and grounds asset management involved Geographic Information Systems (GIS)". Discuss this statement.

GIS is an emerging method of data storage and interpretation. GIS is, simply put a database. It is many tables of data organized by one common denominator, location. The data in a GIS system is organized spatially, or by its physical location on the base map. The information that is stored in the database is the location and attributes that exist in that base map, such as streets, highways, water lines, sewers, manholes, properties, and buildings, etc. each of these items don’t just exist in the database, the attributes associated with the item is also stored. A good example of this would be a specific sewer line, from and arbitrary point A to a point B. Ideally, the

A Geographic Information System (GIS) stores and links non-graphic attributes of geographically referenced data with graphic map features allowing for a wide range of information processing and display operations, as well as map production, analysis, and modeling. A working GIS is composed of hardware, software, data, people, and a set of methods. Using these components a GIS is capable of storing, manipulating, and managing data, then subsequently analyzing, visualizing, and modeling the data.

Apart from the oil industry, the geographical information systems have also gained much use in other critical application in Saudi Arabia. For instance, the system is used in both telecom and network services. Its relevance as a planning and a decision-making tool in the telecom industry cannot be overemphasized. The so-called GDi GISDATA enables the telecommunication companies to integrate geographical data in their network planning, design and maintenance activities. The technology allows the companies to enhance their location-based services, develop engineering/ geographical applications and customer relationship. Geographic information system also enables the authorities and insurance companies do both accident and hot spot analysis. As such, the technology helps in the reduction of accidents in the roads through the optimization of road networks and facilitating the improvement of roads through proper traffic in management (Khormi, Kumar, & Elzahrany, 2011). The technology helps identify the locations and map them by their population and traffic details. In addition, the geographic information system is convenient to use in rerouting design. The system has also gained much prominence in urban planning is Saudi