Spatial Divisions Of Labor Summary

Division of labour is also credited with the rise of trade between different areas, the rise of capitalism, and increasingly complex manufacturing and industrialization. For Karl Marx, the production portion of Capitalism signalled great trouble. He believed production in Capitalist society worked in a way that the rich factory owner benefited and the poor factory workers lost. In his manner of reasoning, the Capitalist system was inherently meant to benefit the rich and exploit the poor: “All the bourgeois economists are aware of is that production can be carried on better under the modern police than on the principle of might makes right. They forget only that this principle is also a legal relation, and that the right of the stronger prevails in their ‘constitutional republics’ as well, only in another form.”[ii] Marx’s view of society and the world lead him to believe that humans create change in their lives and in their environment through practical activity in the practical world.

The Populist Movement began in the late 1800s with the Farmer’s Alliance. The Farmer’s Alliance aimed to improve economic conditions, including low agricultural prices and loss of land as a consequence (Foner, 510). In the 1890s, the Farmer’s Alliance grew into the Populists or the People’s Party. The evolved party appealed to a larger audience, specifically the working or “producing” classes (Foner, 511). Two of the Populists’ main focuses were lower mortgage interest rates and the

As workers moved to cities to work in factories, and progress in medical and sanitation practices improved, urban crowding became a huge issue. Additionally, where industry was taking over production in markets that had previously been dominated by small business owners, these skilled workers, weavers and the like, were now being forced to take jobs working for capitalist ventures-- often working in the industry coinciding with their master skill, but

The Populist movement was the most distinguished reform movement of the late nineteenth century, totalling more than one million popular votes during the election of 1892. The Populist movement was a product of a social movement that was created in response to the changes in the American economy and society during the 1890s. Despite the fact that they died out that same century, some of their ideas lived on with the Progressives of the early twentieth century. These two movements both were based on the people’s dissatisfaction with government and its failure to deal effectively with the problems of the day. While the Progressives went beyond the original ideas of the Populist by advocating for social reform, they still succeeded in achieving gains for economic, industrial, and

America has been labeled by outsiders as “The Land of Milk and Honey” for many years. In a cynical twist of irony, Jurgis and his family became indulged in an American lifestyle that was anything but opportunistic. Almost immediately, they were faced with the challenge of finding new jobs and housing. In a city like Chicago, with booming enterprises and large-scale factories, as well as the increased use of assembly lines, finding a job would seem to be effortless. However, location was a key factor in determining the availability of jobs, as well as what type of work needed to be done.

Clearly the largest cause for inequalities within regions are Economic factors, As shown they have the largest impact as development in certain places will lead to migration and only make the development in the less developed parts slow even further and mean that the Gap becomes ever larger. Other Causes do contribute such As environmental Factors; E.g in the south climate change has prohibited framing which again widens the gap. Social Factors such as corrupt governments play a part in the ever widening Gap, also because the south was seen as Backwards there is little attempt to narrow the gap by

Populism and Progressivism were responses to a growing industrial economy that resulted in disparities between rich and poor and increasing social and political conflict. The solutions of the Populists and Progressives were varied, however established from the same central ideas. Despite the differences between each group, both contributed to a change in state and society and the fundamental role of government in the lives of the people in the West. Through Populist origin and Progressive action, the role of the government became a socially conscious, active body working to ensure the rights of Western citizens. Both the Populists and the Progressives sought to reform the conflicts and ills that had arisen from the growth of industrialization and the changing Western landscape following reconstruction. Populism had the most significant impact on the political evolution of the West as it gave way to Progressivism, which implemented many policies and benefits

Populism explains the rise of Populism in 1890 across Kansas as a response to the frustrations of adapting crop selections and pest management routines to the sub-humid environment. Farmers raised hell in the fall of 1890, in part, because they had not yet formed the farm management skills that could have prevented such a collapse of operating income. If Populist voters were choked by monopoly power, the party should have done significantly worse in those townships served by several competing railroad lines; but if Populist voters were motivated by a dispirited hunt for capital gains on land through nearness to railway improvements, Populist candidates should have prospered as they moved farthest away from a rail station. Therefore, if Populist voters were motivated simply by bitterness over the fact that their township did not have a rail station then Populist candidates should have done better in a township with no railway station at all. What was most important was 1) whether a township had a railroad station and 2) how far the average farmer had to travel to reach a railhead.

Populism was a narrow movement, confined mostly to the western and southern farmers, and was a movement of small- town ignorance lashing out against progress and espoused many ideas which simply could be categorized as fear of the other, a sort of “conspiratorial theory and… suspicion of the stranger that haunted, and still tragically haunts, the nativist American mind”(82). Hofstadter quotes editorials and poems from farmers’ magazines which display their state of mind, and their suspicion of cities and city- life. Progressivism, however, took some of the issues of the Populists and made a genteel, nation- wide movement of reform. The Progressives, according to Hofstadter, were the long- established wealthy professionals who were losing in status and prestige in comparison with the nouveau riche robber barons and railroaders and losing political clout to the ‘bosses’ who controlled the immigrant populations of the cities. Hofstadter refers to the Progressives as ‘gentry’ and they took a stance of liberal, well- intentioned, noblesse oblige, which had the final goal as putting the country back on the right track. Of course, the right path for the country was the one that placed them in prominence once again, and limited the power of the big businesses and eradicated the political bosses of the cities. As with the Populist movement, Hofstadter reviews literature, editorials, and

According to Enrico Moretti 's ground breaking book, “The New Geography of Jobs,” manufacturing sector companies have been superseded in the knowledge economy by innovation sector companies. While they were once the holy grail of community planners, manufacturing sector companies are no longer the ideal economic model.

and has thus rescued a considerable part of the population from the idiocy of rural life. .. It has agglomerated population, centralized means of production, and has concentrated property in a few hands" (Marx, 3). In the true Marxist style, the banks and upper class act as the bourgeoisie to the migrant proletariat.

With manufacturing moving overseas in the past several decades and America currently having a trade deficit it would be difficult for Hartford to redevelop itself as one of the most important manufacturing cities in America. On the contrary, Hartford can use its past to place itself as one of the most important manufacturing cities in America. For instance, it can argue the fact that Colt came up with the idea of mass production and started running his business out of Hartford, that it was the city of Hartford who was the first to place itself as an industrial city in America. As the United States also faces challenges in regaining some of its success in the past back in manufacturing, it must end the habit of companies shipping all of the manufacturing jobs overseas and restore the

We live in a world controlled by an invisible yet very present force that shapes the way we live our daily lives. With industry as its host and technology as the blood being pumped into its heart, it is a force powerful enough to bend politics to fit its needs. Capitalism; a method of industry where production and distribution are privately or corporately owned, its operation grows through profits, exploitation of labor, and extinguishing competition. During the Industrial Revolution technology was on the global stage. Factories and machines are built in existing cities producing and distributing mass goods on a global scale. Over time this fast production of goods would replace the old agricultural economy to a modern urban economy. Today the revolution is praised for creating a global trade market while surging us into a world of technology.

labor more likely to move to the lower cost area. A loss of sovereignty may

The Industrial Revolution was the quintessence of capitalistic ideals; it bred controversy that led to Karl Marx’s idea of communism as a massive grass roots reaction to the revolution’s social abuses. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution featured the construction of machines, systems and factories that allowed goods to be manufactured at a faster rate with a lower cost. The seed drill made it so there could be “a semi-automated, controlled distribution and plantation of wheat seed”(Jones 2013). Secondly, there was a great social and economic divide between the wealthy owners and the poor workers, which gave rise to the mass’s vulnerability to the advent of extreme socialism. Figures of authority severely oppressed their employees by giving them insufficient pay, a treacherous work environment, and even making some children work more than 12 hours per day (Cranny 150). Finally, far right capitalism created a brutal boom and bust cycle of economics that made, for the multitude at the bottom, a perpetual nightmare of poverty and death. People responded to this social situation by taking part in violent protests; oppression sires rebellion. The Industrial Revolution was the chassis of great imagination and progress of political, economic, and social force that still affects this world today.