Specific Heat Capacities Of Metals

Heat: The amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in matter.

Entropy – A measure of how dispersed the energy in a system is at a specific temperature (S)

3. Convection the transfer of heat through currents of gases or liquids. (occurs passively as warmer air at the surface of the body rises away from the body and is replaced by cooler air – process is aided by wind or fans)

We put a dog bone specimen and a rectangular specimen of both metals in the oven for 1 hour at 1700 °F. After one hour in the oven, we quickly dropped the specimens in a bucket of water to quench them.

First, each metal’s description and weight was recorded. Additionally, the weights of each cylinder used was recorded. Next, a graduated cylinder was filled with 20mL of water and unknown metal II was fully submerged in the water 3 times. Each time, the volumes were recorded and the difference between the final volume and initial volume was calculated. This test was repeated for unknown metal IV.

To ensure this was accurate, a trial was performed with two samples of the unknown metal, and the density was measured to be 8.68 g/mL. The density of metal #8 was not specific enough, due to the similar, but not identical, results. Also many elements are in the range from 8.2 g/mL to 9.1 g/mL. However, because metal #8 was not magnetic, we ruled out the possibility that it could be any of the ferromagnetic metals, like iron, nickel, or cobalt. The metals that remained were copper, with a density of 8.96 g/mL, bismuth (9.75 g/mL), manganese, which measured to be 7.44 g/mL, and tin, at 7.31 g/mL. The last property we tested for was specific heat. 0.374 J/(g*C)ended up being the specific heat of metal #8.

The heat capacity per unit mass of a body, called specific heat capacity or more simply specific heat, is used to more directly compare the heat capacity of substances. Pure water has high specific heat capacity that is exactly 1 calorie per gram, whereas other common substances have much lower specific heats. The reason is because it takes more energy to increase the kinetic energy of hydrogen-bonded water molecules than it does for substances in which the dominant intermolecular interaction is the much weaker van der Waals force. As a result, water gains or loses much more heat than other common substances while undergoing an equal temperature change.

Thermal energy is the total energy of the moving particles in a solid. Thermal energy from a hot stove is transferred to a metal pot and causes the water particles to move faster increasing the temperature of the water Changes of state: Changes from one state to a gas, liquid or solid. Example, you leave ice cream out in a hot summer day and it melts. Gravitational energy:

There are four basic components for thermal energy (heat): 1. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. These can only be seen with special microscopes. 2. The atoms are always moving – they all have kinetic energy. 3. The particles have space between them. Different states of matter have different amounts of space. 4. Adding heat (energy) to matter makes the particles move more quickly. Since faster moving things have more kinetic energy, adding heat increases the energy of the particle. 5. Cooling it down decreases the amount of kinetic energy and slows the movement down.

Is it possible to find the specific heat of unknown metals using calorimetry? This experiment was designed to determine the specific heat capacity of two unknown metal sample. By comparing the data with the accepted heat capacities of various metals, the composition of the unknown samples was identified. Two unknown metals were put in boiling water for two minutes to ensure thermal equilibrium. The metal was then transferred into a calorimeter where the temperature was measured. The steps above were repeated for the second unknown metal as well. The cp , specific heat, of the metal was then calculated. Based off of the calculations, the obscure metal number one is zinc. This is on the account that the specific heat of the unknown metal was

The temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the reacting particles. The increase in temperature also changes the distribution of molecular kinetic energies.

Radiation The combined process of emission, transmission, and absorption of heat energy traveling through electromagnetic waves from an area of higher heat energy to an area of lower heat energy. A good example is the transfer of solar heat from the sun to the earth. The heat energy is moved through waves from an area of higher temperature (sun) to an area of lower temperature (earth).

The purpose of this experiment was to find the specific heat of zinc (Zn) metal. This was done performing the experiment. Using a coffee cup calorimeter filled with water you took the temperature of the water both before and after it was placed into the calorimeter. After taking the metal out it was massed.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a body. Temperature can be understood by recognizing that a hot object contains more thermal energy than a cold object. The amount of thermal energy in a substance is affected by the amount of particles that are in it. Temperature is independent of number of particles in

When heat is added to a substance, the kinetic energy of individual particles increases, which makes them move faster resulting in a increase in temperature. The more heat that is added per gram of substance, the greater the temperature change. The relationship between the heat added, the mass of a substance, and the temperature change it undergoes is known as the specific heat.