Spectroscopic Studies Of A Ruthenium

[2] McCray, J. A., & Trentham, D. R. (1989). Properties and uses of photoreactive caged compounds. Annual review of biophysics and biophysical chemistry,18(1), 239-270.

Figure 2: Dye percents versus absorbance in a control, 10%, 20%, and 30% azide solutions.

For each individual DNA sample 2µl of DNA, 8µl of deionised water and 2µl of 6x blue/orange loading dye (ThermoFisher) was added to a microcentrifuge tube and mixed using the pipet. The DNA solutions were then refrigerated while a 2% agarose gel was made.

Experiment 1 & 2: The DNA concentration was 60 ng/µL (6.00*10^4 ng/mL). The total yield was 0.6 ng (60 ng/µL DNA /100 µL H2O). The DNA sample was divided by 100 µL instead of 25 µL of H2O because the sample was diluted 4 times.

Ultraviolet (UV) light is an intermediate source of energy that can damage cells. The DNA in cells is especially sensitive to UV irradiation. The rings of the

Proteins tagged with fluorescent markers are extremely versatile tools in cell and molecular biology research. A fluorescent marker is, as the name suggests, a molecule that emits light of a particular wavelength following exposure to a photons of a shorter wavelength, for example a laser beam. If a fluorescent marker is a reasonable size and chemically stable enough to be attached to a protein, it is potentially useful to molecular biologists.

Green fluorescent protein was first recognized in the early 1960s by a group of researchers studying the bioluminescent properties of the Aequorea victoria jellyfish. They discovered that the jellyfish produces green bioluminescence from small photoorgans located on its umbrella. Osamu Shimomura found that in order to bioluminesce Aequorea releases calcium ions. These bind to a protein that he called aequorin, which release blue light upon calcium binding. The blue light is absorbed by green fluorescent protein, which in turn gives off the green light (Shimomura, O., Johnson, F. H. and Saiga, Y. 1962.)

Several fragments of plasmid DNA are observed in the 1.0% agarose gel. In the undiluted sample, sizes of plasmid DNA are approximately 23kb, 9.7kb, 5.6kb and 2.5kb. In addition, there is a very faint band at size 80kb. In the 10X diluted sample, however, have only 2 bands at approximately 16kb and 6.5kb. The undiluted sample result is most similar to result in lane 2 with 4 bands as well, whereas the diluted sample is similar to the majority.

In this investigation, 2-aminophenol(AP), 4-chlorobenzaldehyde(CB), the metal salts CuCl2.2H2O (99.00%), Pd(OAc)2 (99.99%), and AgNO3 (99.50%) were utilized and purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemise (Germany). The important reagents for DNA interaction studies, Calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA), 2-amino-2-hydroxyl methyl- propane -1,3- diol (Tris) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were purchased from Sigma – Aldrich. CT-DNA dissolved in Tris-HC buffer (ph7.2). Tris-HCl buffer solution was prepared using deionized water and was used to control the pH of the reaction system. TAE Buffer (Tris-acetate-EDTA) (50X), Top Vision Agarose, Ethidium Bromide Solution (10 mg/mL), 6X DNA Loading Dye and 100 bp DNA Ladder are utilized

Its effect can arrive to the nucleic acid after complete damaging of the surface proteins in case of high formalin concentrations or prolonged exposure time. The disadvantages of using

8.62 x 10-6pg of nucleic acid were detected per nucleus in this sample, which is a small amount in comparison to the 1.8 pg found in the 1976 experiment. The spectrophotometer does not accurately estimate the amount of DNA per nucleus because it does not differentiate between chromatin, DNA, and RNA in its measurements. The reading therefore does not provide a true answer for the pure contents of DNA within a cell. Reasons why this experimental findings of DNA per nucleus differs from Bennett’s could be because of human error. Since the pellet of nucleic acids was especially miniscule during the latter steps of the experiment, it is possible part of the pellet could have been accidentally poured out with the supernatant. The buffers and other chemicals used in Bennett’s experiment were also unknown by the scientist; therefore it is possible Bennett used different chemicals which were not as degrading to the DNA as the ones provided in this laboratory. Overall, the low yield of DNA per nucleus in this experiment compared to the DNA per nucleus determined by Bennett’s procedure could be because of a lack of precision and accuracy in the use and transference of

After exposing the sample to UV radiation the visible band is determine to be at the maximum absorbance, as shown in Figure 1. This absorbance band at 563 nm and 579 nm corresponds to the reaction SP → MC. By monitoring the exponential decay function of MC, we are able to construct a linear fit of the data, as shown in Figure 3, which confirms a first-order decay. The corresponding rate constants were determined from the slope of the fit, and it was found that as we increase [SP] the rate is relatively constant. Further, this reaction was done on different solvents, which includes acetone and cyclohexane. Following Table 2, it seems that with the addition of cyclohexane, the rate of decay of MC is faster. This indicates that due to the non polar

The Nucleic acids are seen to be linear polymers which make chains of nucleotides. In such chains, each nucleotide is made up of three components which are discussed above. These structures are further subdivided into the nucleobases that is found in the two nucleic acids. These subdivisions include: adenine, cytosine, and guanine which are all found in both RNA and DNA molecules. In contrast,

Purpose: Using a spectrophotometer to measure and evaluate the effect that changing the concentration has on the intensity of fluorescence in turmeric powder.

Cy7.5 azide with absorption peaks at 773 and 808 nm, can be the optimal fluorescent probe that should have