Speech and Language Disorders Psychology Essay

According to Pen᷈a-Brooks and Hegde (2015), speech sound disorders are the perceived errors when producing speech sounds. A speech sound disorder usually impacts the intelligibility of someone based on nature and severity level of it. For instance, a phonological disorder affects a child’s understanding of how sounds contrast or distinct from one another. For example, the usage of persistent patterns of substitutions and omissions when the child knows how to produce a sound. Imagine a five-year-old producing “firetruck” correctly, but then producing “ruml” for “trunk.” Or an articulation disorder which affects the production of individual sounds, usually have consistent errors, and the person often perceives linguistic contrast. In other words, a speech sound disorder is when a person is unable to produce speech sounds fluently or has a problem with their quality of

The other 12 children were chosen randomly between the ages of 5 and 15 and in that group, they split them evenly into the control and experimental group. They came to the conclusion that diagnosing stuttering early can cause stuttering. The children were scared to speak most of the time. They were scared to stutter and were always overthinking it. This experiment also affected the way they acted at school and interacted with others.

Stuttering is inherited, there are no known environmental causes. If a person has inherited this trait it can be triggered by a traumatic event. “After stuttering has started, other factors may cause more disfluencies. For example, a child who is easily frustrated may be more likely to tighten or tense speech muscles when disfluencies occur. Such tension may increase how long a disfluency lasts” (asha.org). Stuttering is hidden disorder and it is completely unknown whether or not someone stutters until they speak and their stuttering occurs. However, even then people who are not familiar with this disorder, will not realize that a person has it.

When a child began talking that child lisped, stuttered, or had a hard time pronouncing words. People could think it is cute or not to worry because child would soon grow over it. However, if that child becomes teenager and still stuttering, then it becomes an issue. Speech disorder can divide into Fluency, articulation, and voice disorder.

It can be quite normal for children between 2 and 5 years of age to hesitate or repeat words and phrases due to the fast rate at which they are learning language.  Most children grow out of this but you can help by:

The main purpose of this article is to examine various research on the etiology of stuttering. The experimental research explored various brain circuitries involved, specifically the the basal ganglia. Furthermore, the meta-analysis discussed neuroimaging, lesion, pharmacological, and genetic studies on the neural circuitries connected to persistent developmental stuttering and acquired neurogenic stuttering.

I entered the field with an interest in fluency and participated in the National Stuttering Association in Queens, New York. The stutter started in my teens and faded away in my early adulthood.  I researched speech language pathology and came upon all the different aspects of this field since the definition of speech pathology is broad. I knew I wanted to specialize in stuttering when I was a teenager. This changed when I was in the Communication Sciences and Disorders program in my undergrad. This program exposed me to different classes and observations of communication disorders in a variety of age ranges. This exposed me to adult population as well in which I gained an interest because of their lack of tantrums and willingness to gain back

But “if there is a difficulty understanding what people say, difficulty speaking or forming sounds or words and using language in appropriate social contexts then this can affect a child’s behaviour and emotional development”. (Speech, Language Communication Action Plan 2011)

Stuttering is a disability that affects over two million of the adult population and can be obtained through genetics. This disability is not just getting stuck on certain words or saying like a few times in a sentence. The disability involves tripping on sounds and in severe cases not being able to verbalize what needs to be said. Yeomen uses an example of a man who could not find the words to ask the women he truly was in love with to marry him and ended up marrying the wrong women. Stuttering can change the lives of so many because they never learn to overcome that tragedy.

This documentary focuses on the journey of seven different individuals who are considered people who stutter. I believe it is important to note the statistics of the prevalence of stuttering mentioned in the video. The statistic states that 1 out of 100 adult and 5 out of 100 children are people who stutter. This prevalence is important for speech therapists to become informed and equipped to treat this population. This documentary gives great insight on the struggles and successes of this population.

A phonated interval (PI) is the duration of a signal in a voiced unit in speech production. The use of prolonged speech, or increased PIs, in the treatment of stuttering has been determined to be effective. In the long-term, however, the client who receives this treatment may relapse into their dysfluencies. What this study sought to do was compare the use of this standard form of treatment with a new adult stuttering treatment program, known as Modifying Phonation Intervals (MPI). According

The authors found that the group average at assessment 1 was 14.4% syllables stuttered and at assessment 2, this number was 6.7%. Half of the children reduced their stuttering by over 50% but two participants did not improve. In all of the self -reports, most children reported that they had decreased their stuttering severity, avoided less speaking situations and reported an overall satisfaction with their speech and quality of

Only half of the group labelled as stutterers actually showed signs of stuttering. As the experiment took place, the normal speakers were given positive encouragement while the group labelled stutterers were given negative reinforcement and were lectured about being extra careful when they spoke. Teachers and staff were also asked to reinforce the label of “stutterer.” The type of research used was an experiment

3121). For example a six year old may be speaking at the norm of a four year old; all speech is in tack but development is lagging. It is noted that boys are at an increased risk of speech and language delay by three to four times more than girls (American Family Physician, 1999, pg. 3121). It is also estimated that 2% to 19% of preschoolers suffer from some sort of language deficiency (CASLPA, 2012). Phonology (the appropriate speech sounds of the language spoken) and stuttering may include 1% to 4% of defined speech issues. It is also important to note that there is a 20% to 40% risk factor of speech problems among those children with a family history (CASLPA, 2012).

Many speech language pathologists (SLPs), after diagnosing a child with stuttering are left with the problems of what treatment program should be implemented and what are the chances that the