Spina Bifida, Ekaterina Trofimova?

In Canada, a clinical study by De Wals et al was performed to assess whether or not folic acid fortification has an effect on the recurrence of NTDs (neural tube defects), especially on upper and lower birth defects called spina bifida (De Wals et al., 2008). The study was performed in three different regions in Canada: the eastern, western and central provinces (De Wals et al., 2008). Furthermore, the population of the study was conducted on three different types of births which were livebirths, stillbirths, and termination of pregnancies, and the study was carried out through three periods included prefortification, partial fortification and full fortifications (De Wals et al., 2008). The researchers followed the scientific investigation

Deficiency of the micronutrient folate continues to significantly affect the health of pregnant women and their children, globally. A great cause of concern with folate deficiency is the occurrence of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) in new-born babies due to abnormal early foetal development. According to Greene et al. (2016), NTDs are abnormalities to the formation of the brain, spinal cord or related structures from early foetal development. The rate of the prevalence of NTDs varies between countries from 0.3 to 199.4 cases per 10,000 births. In Australia specifically, approximately 19.5 cases of NTDs occurred per 10,000 cases between 2009 and 2010 (Zaganjoy et al.,

The prevalence went down from Oct 1998 to Dec 1999 was 2.02 per 10,000 live births. It reduced by 22.9% (Mark, 2016). Later in the years from 1999-2000 and 2003-2005, the prevalence of spina bifida falls by 6.9%. The reason of the decrease is still unknown. This decreases the prevalence of spina bifida with black population, but not within the white or Hispanic population. Those frequencies about spina bifida had been evaluated toward 1-2 cases for every 1000 population, with certain population hosting a greater frequency based on genetic predilection. Research showed folate can reduce spina bifida by 70% and decrease the severity of the disease. Myelomeningocele is the most common form of spina bifida. In the United States, approximately 1500 babies are born with myelomeningocele each year (Mark, 2016). The myelomeningocele and other neural tube defect had been declined since 20th century. According to CDC, the prevalence of spina bifida is higher in white and Hispanic population, than in the black population. According to Mark, spina bifida is detected 2 and 1.96 per in 10,000 live birth in Hispanic and white population and 1.74 per 10,000 live birth in black

Spina Bifida is a birth defect in which a baby’s spine fails to develop properly during pregnancy due to neural tube defects. These neural tube defects prevent the backbone from forming around the spine and closing properly. Spina Bifida can be detected during pregnancy or after birth and in

Children can go under go a countless amount of surgeries to help them work through spina bifida, however it is almost impossible for the child to get through their lives without symptoms going unnoticed. There are many different stages of spina bifida going from minor symptoms like a limp in their walk to being pretty much completely paralyzed. There have been many famous people with spina bifida such as athletes, actors, writers, and more. By sharing these famous people with children with spina bifida it will help them look at life more positively. There are ways that parents can have a better chance at avoiding spina bifida, however there is no way to completely get rid of the chances of the child having the disease. Before scientists went into research on spina bifida the children were not likely to live past a year. Spina Bifida is a horrific birth defect, and hopefully with continuing studies spina bifida average rate will continue to

We need to supplement minimum 400 microgram folic acid before and during pregnancy to prevent major birth defects of the baby’s brain and spine called neural tube defects. Dietary sources are fortified cereals, leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, dried

You can avoid spina bifida by taking 400 micrograms of folic acid each day, even if you are not arranging to become pregnant. Also, some studies have revealed that if all woman would take a B-vitamin folic acid then the neural tube defects would be decreased by a whole 70%! Folic acid is a water soluble vitamin B source, and it helps make and build nice hearty cells. Although, it does not flow throughout the body long, that’s why you would have to take it once a day. If you have a bigger opportunity for your child to have spina bifida, then you should take a bit more of the vitamins. 10% is the right amount, so that would be about 4,000 ml of folic acid. One of the most efficient ways to make sure your offspring does not end up with the disability spina bifida is to take folic acid in the first three months of pregnancy and before the pregnancy as well. Also if you didn’t know, in the 1990s a study was done. It said that 70% of the neural tube defects could be stopped by a good dose of again, folic acid before and in early pregnancy. A accurate program of education that is taught publicly and the factor of putting folic acid in flavored foods has reduced the amount of neural tube defects in just a couple

Spina Bifida is the most common permanently disabling birth defect in the United States. Spina Bifida happens when a baby is in the womb and the spinal column does not close all the way.There are four types of Spina Bifida, Occulta, Closed Neural tube defects, Meningocele, and Myelomeningocele. Spina Bifida Occulta is one or more vertebrae are not properly formed. In Closed Neural tube defects it consists of a diverse group of defects in which the spinal cord is marked by malformations of fat, bone, or meninges. Meningocele is spinal fluid and meninges protrude through an abnormal vertebral opening. And Myelomeningocele is the most severe and occurs when the spinal cord/neural elements are exposed through the opening in the spine, resulting

In addition to having Spina Bifida, complications usually follow. Hydrocephalus was the complication that I was born with. Hydrocephalus is when the fluid in your brain stays in your head. Hydrocephalus could result in expanding the size of your head while causing brain damage. Spina Bifida is Latin for “open spine”. Paralysis was the result of the nerve damage in my spine. After I was born, I was rushed into surgery to move my spine to the proper position & to implant a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which is a tube. To save my life, the surgeons implant the ventriculoperitoneal shunt from my brain to my abdomen. Later in my life, being cut shorter to my chest & then to where it’s currently, shortened to, my neck. This tube will later be needed to revised when I was five years old. A couple of weeks before my 10th birthday, my family & I moved to Great Neck, New York; where I currently live. My parents immigrated to Jackson

Birth defects are not uncommon in our society today. In fact, 1 in every 33 babies born each year in the United States, are born with a birth defect. Overall, 120,000 children are affected with impairments and disabilities (CDC). Spina bifida falls under the category of neural tube defects. Spina bifida is a birth defect that affects an infant’s spinal cord and brain. Spina bifida affects around 1,500 to 2,000 children each year (March of Dimes). There are several forms of this disability, each varying from life-threatening to mild.

Spina bifida is a lifelong disability that affects the spinal column. In regards to childhood speech and language disorders, spina bifida affects different people in various ways. Although spina bifida is a disorder affecting the spinal cord, certain types may affect speech and language development, which may require speech therapy depending on the severity. Evaluation tools and methods are used to determine those individuals in need of speech therapy. Once evaluations have been administered individuals receiving proper treatment can hope to achieve age appropriate or at least functional language skills.

Spina bifida is a nervous system disorder that takes place during the first month of pregnancy. It looks like a sac on the infants back, varying in size. In some cases, a part of the spinal cord and nerves can be enclosed in the sac. This can cause physical and neurological damage to the infant, the severity depends on the size and area of opening or if the spinal cord and nerves are affected.

Symptomatic treatment aims to improve ATP production and to lower lactate levels. For example, supplementing the diet with sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate has proven to control lactic acidosis. One cause of Leigh’s syndrome is pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Thiamine (vitamin B1), a cofactor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, “has been reported to improve the neurological status in some patients” (Shrikhande et al. 2010). A promising study demonstrated “inhibition of the phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by thiamine pyrophosphate, thereby maintaining pyruvate dehydrogenase in the active form” (Hommes et al. 1973). This research showed a therapeutic effect of high doses of thiamine to patients with a shortage of pyruvate dehydrogenase. A ketogenic (high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate) diet has also been found to improve mitochondrial function and the outcome of individuals with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Studies have shown that riboflavin (vitamin B2) may strengthen mitochondrial function as well (Shrikhande et al.

In Australia, the reasonableness and effectiveness of folic acid being mandatorily fortified to support healthy pregnancy when considering the occurrence of NTDS in Australian children due to the amount their mothers have consumed of folic acid during pregnancy. The main purpose for creating a mandatory policy to include folic acid to the wheat flour of non-organic bread in Australia is to reduce the incidence of NTDs across the nation. Substantial rates of NTDs occur worldwide as significantly more folate is needed early in pregnancy than in other life stages. This early stage of pregnancy is often when women are unaware that they are pregnant. The folate is required for the development of the embryonic neural tube, which develops into

In pregnancy the body needs to produce cells to help with the development and nourishment of the growing fetus; it also helps to make red blood cells . During pregnancy, risks can be associated with toxaemia, premature birth and haemorrhaging if there is no folic acid in the diet (Youngson, 2005). Folic acid contributes to several major biological processes and these include the combination of RNA, DNA and proteins. It is needed to help with the repair and replication of DNA and the maintenance of the genome and it is also involved in the regulation of gene expression (Hendler & Rorvik, 2008).