Spina Bifida Research Paper

b. Spina Bifida is a painful condition when a baby is born without the normal formation of the bones near the spine and the spinal cord.

On today’s evaluation, she is 19 weeks and the fetal measurements overall are concordant. The long bone measurements are within one week of her dates. The amniotic fluid volume is normal, and the cervix is long and closed. A complete fetal anatomical survey was performed and a significant amount of ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalous was identified but no other major malformations were noted at this time, though due to the

The prevalence went down from Oct 1998 to Dec 1999 was 2.02 per 10,000 live births. It reduced by 22.9% (Mark, 2016). Later in the years from 1999-2000 and 2003-2005, the prevalence of spina bifida falls by 6.9%. The reason of the decrease is still unknown. This decreases the prevalence of spina bifida with black population, but not within the white or Hispanic population. Those frequencies about spina bifida had been evaluated toward 1-2 cases for every 1000 population, with certain population hosting a greater frequency based on genetic predilection. Research showed folate can reduce spina bifida by 70% and decrease the severity of the disease. Myelomeningocele is the most common form of spina bifida. In the United States, approximately 1500 babies are born with myelomeningocele each year (Mark, 2016). The myelomeningocele and other neural tube defect had been declined since 20th century. According to CDC, the prevalence of spina bifida is higher in white and Hispanic population, than in the black population. According to Mark, spina bifida is detected 2 and 1.96 per in 10,000 live birth in Hispanic and white population and 1.74 per 10,000 live birth in black

On ultrasound there is a live fetus in cephalic presentation. Fetal biometry is consistent with dates. On detailed survey we did note an ONTD that is suspected to be from the lumbar down to the sacral area. There was no skin covering the area and there was no clear evidence of meningomyocele but on transverse imaging of the spine they are significantly splayed. In the intracranial views we did see a lemon and banana sign. The ventricles were upper-normal and prominent, right at 1 cm with dangling choroids.

Children can go under go a countless amount of surgeries to help them work through spina bifida, however it is almost impossible for the child to get through their lives without symptoms going unnoticed. There are many different stages of spina bifida going from minor symptoms like a limp in their walk to being pretty much completely paralyzed. There have been many famous people with spina bifida such as athletes, actors, writers, and more. By sharing these famous people with children with spina bifida it will help them look at life more positively. There are ways that parents can have a better chance at avoiding spina bifida, however there is no way to completely get rid of the chances of the child having the disease. Before scientists went into research on spina bifida the children were not likely to live past a year. Spina Bifida is a horrific birth defect, and hopefully with continuing studies spina bifida average rate will continue to

"Spina bifida is a type of birth defect called a neural tube defect, it happens if the spinal column of the fetus does not close completely during the first month or pregnancy, that can damage the nerves and spinal cord" (U.S National Library Medicine, 2014). Spina bifida's symptoms are defending on how severe the defect is. Children with mild form of spina bifida do not have any problems. According to WebMD, children with the most severe form often, have spine, and brain issues that cause serious problems (2014). Scientists believed that spina bifida is caused by a condition of genetic and environmental factors such as the mother's nutrition. "The long-term problems associated with spina bifida are; bowel problems, hydrocephalus surgery, muscles

One of the most important determinant of fetal viability is the pulmonary system development and maturity. The prenatal awareness of any abnormalities or anomalies going to ensure better management of the pregnancy, also giving the opportunity for the medical team and parents to prepare for the delivery and postnatal treatment. Congenital malformations of the fetal thorax are common which can involve many organs. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of fetal pathology are possible by using ultrasound and MRI imaging.

Birth defects can have life threatening consequences for the fetus. Many birth defects can be detected during pregnancy by an ultrasound. Some of these abnormalities include abdominal wall defect, orofacial cleft, anencephaly, and down syndrome. Although at this time ultrasound is the safest way to observe a fetus, risks are still associated with it.

Spina bifida is a birth defect called neural tube defects. Normally, the neural tube forms early in pregnancy and then is fully closed by the 28th day after conception. Babies with spina bifida, a portion of the tube don’t develop or close properly, causing a defect in the spinal cord and in the bones of the spine.

Spina Bifida is a neural tube defect that is present at birth. It is thought to be caused by a folic acid deficiency in the first month of pregnancy. This disease can be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. There are three types of Spina Bifida including: Spina Bifida Occulta, Spina Bifida Meningocele, and Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele. The main treatment for Spina Bifida is surgery that occurs right after birth to close the spinal opening and could include several more surgeries throughout the child’s life.

More severe cases of spina bifida require immediate surgery to ensure the infant’s survival. Encephalocele also pertains to a defect in the cephalic portion of the neural tube. This condition “occurs when a meningeal sac containing brain tissue protrudes from the skull. The outlook for affected individuals depends on the amount of nervous tissue involved” (neural tube defect, 2014). Infants born with a neural tube defect are also examined for hydrocephalus, or “water on the brain.” Hydrocephalus “occurs when normal passages for the cerebrospinal fluid that fills the neural tube are partially or completely blocked” by a neural tube defect (neural tube defect, 2014). (Frazier & Drzymkowski, 2013; neural tube defect, 2014)

On a yearly basis, over three hundred thousand infants worldwide are born with a neural tube defect (“The Importance of Folic Acid: Anifa’s Story,” 2015). In February of 2015, Anifa was an eighteen month old baby girl living in Nigeria. Unlike most of the other children in Nigeria, Anifa is paralyzed—she is incapable of moving her legs and has no control over her bladder or bowel movements. Anifa was born with spina bifida, a neural tube defect that has altered her ability for a normal life. She cannot run, work, or play like the other children. Most children born with spina bifida in the United States experience their first surgery during the first 24 hours of life; this surgery closes the opening in the spine caused by the neural tube defect.

Neural tube defects can be split into two different types: open and closed (Mitchell, 2005). The most common of the “open” NTDs are anencephaly and myelomeningocele. These two types of NTDs are when an end of the neural tube does not properly close. Anencephaly is when the brain end of the neural tube fails to close properly (Mitchell, 2005). Babies born with this defect are missing parts of their brain and skull and surrounding areas. There are both mental and physical problems associated with anencephaly. This neural tube defect is particularly devastating because babies born with this type of defect will certainly die shortly after being born. Below is an image of an example of what happens when a fetus is affected with anencephaly. This

the spinal cleft and then into the tumor sac. The second most severe form of spina bifida

For my Axial Skeleton disorder I chose to write about Spina Bifida. Spinal Bifida is a congenital neural tube defect that effects the spinal cord to different degrees, Spinal bifida occulta, Meningocele, and Myelomeningocele. Symptoms include incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord, and protrusion from the backbone and covered by membranes, hydrocephalus and paralysis of the legs. Long term effects will differ depending on which type of spinal bifida is present. They may include complication with bowel and bladder functions, learning