Spinach Lab

The solutions are 0% sucrose, 10% sucrose, 20% sucrose, 30% sucrose, 40% sucrose and an unknown sucrose concentration. We then weighed each egg separately to the nearest gram in order to have an initial starting weight to compare to the results throughout our experiment being conducted. The eggs were then placed in each beaker for 12 intervals at a time. After every 12 minutes the eggs were taken out and weighed to see if the weight of the egg changed. With a total of five intervals (12, 24, 36, 48, 60) the steps were repeated till the egg had reached the total time of 60 minutes. The changes in weight of the eggs were then added into a data table showing the weight of the chicken eggs in grams vs. the time in minutes. In a second data table the weight changes (g) vs. time (min.) between the eggs were taken and used the difference from each time and subtracted it from the initial

The rate of photosynthesis is affected by environmental factors like light intensity, light wavelength, and temperature. This experiment will test the

-Measuring the pH of a solution (such as in the lab we had) could also help determine the rate of photosynthesis. You would need a much more specific pH meter, but generally, if pH goes down, the level of CO2 is higher, meaning more cellular respiration. Higher pH means there’s less CO2, so more photosynthesis.

The results of the mean of the concentrations are as followed; 0%, 0.2%, 2.0% and 1.0% which are in organization of longest float time to shortest. The higher the concentration of sodium bicarbonate (carbon source) the quicker the process of photosynthesis occurs. The mean of the concentrations is; 0% is 900, 0.20% is 757.58, 1.0% is 580.004 and 2.0% is 582.54. The standard deviations of the concentrations are; 0% is 0, 0.20% is 190.0045, 1.0% is 247.9306 and 2.0% is 199.979.

In this lab I did an experiment to see the effect of Ethanol on Daphnia. The purpose of this lab was to see is there effect of Ethanol on Daphnia’s heart rate. I used Daphnia for this experiment because it a transparent crustaceans meaning we see its heart and other stuffs from outside. In the experiment first, I measured the number of heartbeats of Daphnia without any treatment for 10 seconds. I measured the heartbeats for three times for no treatment, the average heart rate was 22. Seconds I putted 15% of Ethanol on Daphnia and waited for 30 seconds then I measured the number of heartbeats of Daphnia for 10 seconds. I measured the heartbeats for three times and the average of heart rate was 15. At last I found out that Ethanol does affect

Enzymes are able to catalyse due to their globular structure which has a region on their surface that has a specific shape. This shape is complementary to the shape of the reactant or reactants of the reaction that the enzyme will catalyse. This region on the enzyme is referred to as the active site which binds to the substrate in order for the reaction to occur.

In the beginning of this experiment, our TA added water, salt, and 75/25 hexane/acetone to spinach leaves to a blender and blended the mixture to assume equal amounts for each group and to avoid erros if each student had to do the blending. The addition of the water to the mixture allowed the it to separate into a distinct organic layer after being run in a centrifuge, which was available to be collected at the top of the centrifuge. Salt reduces solubility, which will force the organic parts of the mixture (the desired pigments for example) to separate into the organic layer at the top. Lastly, 75/25 hexane/acetone is added because this is a moderately polar solvent and will useful for both the non-polar and polar pigments present within the spinach leaves. A mixed solution of hexanes and acetone must be used because acetone is very polar, while hexane in very non-polar, and the spinach leaves contain both non-polar and polar pigments in them that are important in the extraction and for further analysis. The mixture was placed in the centrifuge so the solids in the mixture (mostly cellulose) could be separated from the liquids into separate distinct layers for further extraction and testing. In the tube, the organic substances separated into the top layer, whereas the water layer remains at the bottom of the tube below the solid layer made up of mainly cellulose.

The purpose of this lab was to see which level of light (measured in lux) made Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) leaf disks float the fastest. Our hypothesis was that an increase in light intensity will decrease the time it takes Spinacia oleracea disks to float. If light intensity is increased, then the time it takes Spinacia oleracea disks to float will be decreased. The mean for the no light (0 Lux) sample and the low light (4 x100 Lux) sample was 1200 seconds with no standard deviation because none of the disks in these two samples floated. The mean and standard deviation for the medium light (110 x100 Lux) was 902 seconds +- 84 seconds. The mean of the high light sample (410 x 100 Lux) was 692 seconds with no standard deviation because only two Spinacia oleracea disks floated so there was no need to measure the variability of the data. The final results indicated that the highest light intensity led to the quickest rise of Spinacia oleracea disks, supporting our hypothesis.

The color absorbed by spinach is purple because as the graph in figure 1 show, spinach absorbed highest at wavelength 436nm. Purple has wavelength 436nm so purple light absorbed by spinach extract. The graph lowest at range 500-600mn, in this range the color is not absorb by the spinach, in this range the color is green and yellow. The line rise again at from 600nm to 670nm. The peek is 670nm

This experiment demonstrates the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis by examining the behavior of leaf disks in different pH solutions under light. In this experiment, we used five different pH levels: pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8 and pH 9. These solutions were created using a combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Spinancia olcerea or spinach, leaves were used in the experiment to examine the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis was measured by counting the number of leaf disks that rose to the surface of the solution after each minute. In acidic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis increased while in basic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis decreased.

Fill the container with a good-quality potting mix or garden soil mixed with compost or decomposed manure, because spinach requires a nutrient rich soil. Be sure your container has drainage holes in the bottom, and place the container on a water-catchment tray.

The purpose of this lab was to figure out how capillary action affects the amount of H2O in a cup that is sucked up by a plant. The Hypothesis was: If the celery is placed in a cup of 100 mL of H2O and left to sit for 3 days, then the amount of H2O in the cup will decrease. This is because capillary action forces the H2O up the stem and into the leaves, where the H2O is used in photosynthesis to make sugar. There was no control and only experimental groups. The dependent variable is the amount of water in the cup. There is no dependent variable. The constants were: the celery, the cup, the environment, the food coloring mixture, the air, the water, unit of measurement, and the measuring cup.

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the specific pigments that are found in each of the chosen plant leaves, as well as, discover the intermolecular forces present in each leaf. This is accomplished by using a technique called chromatography, which splits a mixture or solution into its different parts based on the mixtures ability to dissolve in a chosen solvent. Chromatography works by placing a strip of chromatography paper, that has a small amount of mixture on it, into a cup of the specific solvent chosen. In this experiment, one hundred percent acetone was chosen to be the solvent. Once the small amount of the mixture is aligned with the solvent, the mixture will begin to separate and rise by capillary action based on the solubility,

For this experiment we wanted to see if access to light would affect the rate of CO2 production in spinach leaves. To figure out this phenomenon we performed 5 experiments to test access to light using wash-in-walk fabric. For the first experiment we used no fabric and in the following experiment we placed one layer of wash-in-walk fabric between the light source and the spinach. After ever run, we added another layer of wash-in-walk fabric between the light source and spinach until we used 4 pieces of fabric. The control experiment, which was the run without fabric, gave us the greatest average CO2 depletion rate, with an average of -1.361 ppm/m, with a range from -1.589 to -1.133 ppm/m which is represent in Figure 2. Using one layer of fabric

Introduction: Photosynthesis can be defined as a solar powered process that removes atmospheric carbon dioxide and transforms it into oxygen and carbohydrates (Harris-Haller 2014). Photosynthesis can be considered to be the most important biochemical process on Earth because it helps plants to grow its roots, leaves, and fruits, and plants serve as autotrophs which are crucial to the food chain on earth. Several factors determine the process of photosynthesis. Light is one these factors and is the main subject of this experiment. The intensity of light is a property of light that is important for photosynthesis to occur. Brighter light causes more light to touch the surface of the plant which increases the rate of photosynthesis (Speer 1997). This is why there is a tendency of higher rates of photosynthesis in climates with a lot of sunlight than areas that primarily do not get as much sunlight. Light wavelength is also a property of