Spinach Lab Report

Abstract: Photosynthesis, the conversion of inorganic carbon into organic glucose molecules using light energy, is one of the most biologically important processes on Earth. It is imperative to study how the rapidly increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution may affect photosynthesis of photoautotrophs. In this experiment, a look is taken at the question: does inorganic carbon availability affect photosynthetic activity. This experiment uses bicarbonate as the inorganic carbon source, and analyzes how varying concentrations of bicarbonate may affect the photosynthetic activity of the South American aquatic plant Egeria densa (also known as Elodea densa) by measuring its O2 production in distilled water and 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0% sodium bicarbonate solutions. T-tests between the control (distilled water) and each bicarbonate treatment are conducted using the online program GraphPad. All tests results in a p-value greater than 0.05 and a calculated t-value greater than the critical t-value, thus rejecting the null hypothesis, indicating that inorganic

My lab partners and I performed an experiment that involved placing spinach disks into separate cups of distilled water (dH2O) and 0.2% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution to examine photosynthesis in leaf tissue (Department of EEB, 2015). Discovering that the spinach disks quickly floated to the top of the 0.2% NaHCO3 solution and not in dH2O, we wondered if varied concentrations of carbonation would affect the rate of photosynthesis (PS). We tested this by halving the 0.2% NaHCO3 solution (using equal parts dH2O and 0.2% NaHCO3 solution to make 0.1% NaHCO3 solution). I hypothesize that if the spinach disks are placed in the 0.1% NaHCO3 solution, then they will have a slower PS compared to the disks placed in 0.2% NaHCO3. CO2

A plant's growth ability is dependent on its ability to acquire the resources it needs to survive. Competition such as interspecific and intraspecific, limiting resources, and population density affect the fitness level of a plant. This experiment was conducted in order to test the capability of collards and radishes to grow in manipulated densities under interspecific and intraspecific competition. I hypothesized that both collard and radish plants will grow more efficiently in single species pots under low-density conditions. I also hypothesized that in the mixed species plots the radishes will be more fit to survive and grow better than the collard plants in both the high and low-density pots. Both high and low density and single and mixed species plots were planted and results were observed. There was a significant

In this experiment, 4 grams of peeled turnip was used to prepare the enzyme extract opposed to the 1 gram of turnip suggested by Fundamentals of Life Science. Along with the change to the amount of turnip used, the amount of 0.1M phosphate buffer used to prepare the enzyme extract was changed from 50mL to 30mL. The affect of temperature on enzyme activity was not

The rate of photosynthesis is affected by environmental factors like light intensity, light wavelength, and temperature. This experiment will test the

In generalization, there are a multitude of factors that could potentially influence the germination of a radish seed. This lab thoroughly exhibits the effect of water amounts on the germination of a radish seed. There is indeed an in-depth science behind the projected results, and overall of the effects water has on the germination of radish seeds, and the growth of plants in particular. Radishes themselves are moisture-loving plants; therefore, it is significant that they receive an adequate amount of water, allowing the soil to be moist, but not overly saturated (Biology Coach, 2015). In general, water is significant for the health of a plant in the way it transports important nutrients throughout the plant. From this point, nutrients are drawn from the soil and used by the plant. Seed germination itself is defined as the process where the seed sprout for growing, and future development into a plant. In order to germinate, the seed must have its essential needs met until it is capable of doing so: water, temperature, and sun. Therefore, during its early stages of growth, the seed will rely upon the food supplies stores within it, until it is large enough for its own leaves to begin making food through photosynthesis (Biology of Plants, 2016). Initially, the process of germination begins with the absorption of water y there seed, therefore, this absorption of water then activates an enzyme that increases

The results of the mean of the concentrations are as followed; 0%, 0.2%, 2.0% and 1.0% which are in organization of longest float time to shortest. The higher the concentration of sodium bicarbonate (carbon source) the quicker the process of photosynthesis occurs. The mean of the concentrations is; 0% is 900, 0.20% is 757.58, 1.0% is 580.004 and 2.0% is 582.54. The standard deviations of the concentrations are; 0% is 0, 0.20% is 190.0045, 1.0% is 247.9306 and 2.0% is 199.979.

The goal of this experiment was successfully accepted because the results showed a difference in moisture content between each of the three differently concentrated solutions. As shown in Figure 1, the more dilute the NaCl solution is, the more water absorption that takes place. The same trend can be noted within the normalized data, in which the more concentrated the NaCl solution is, the less water absorption that takes place. This pattern relates to the osmosis that the chickpea is encountering. Since NaCl is a larger molecule compared to water, the chickpeas will take in less NaCl molecules to occupy the same amount of space.

The number of spinach dots at the surface was recorded at the end of every minute. The yellow line shows that the average speeds of photosynthesis for spinach dots under white light are 0 dots/min for the first 4 minutes, and 3 dots/min, 4 dots/min, and 3 dots/min for the next 3 minutes. The red line shows that the average speeds of photosynthesis for spinach dots under red light are also 0 dots/min for the first 4 minutes, and 2 dots/min, 4 dots/min, and 1 dots/min for the next 3 minute. The green line and blue line show that the average speed of photosynthesis for spanish dots under both green light and blue light are 0 dots/min. In general, comparing to the speed of photosynthesis under white light, the speed was slightly slower under red light, and significantly slower under both blue light and green

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Before the experiment was conducted, a chloroplast solution was created which was comprised of deveined spinach leaves. Deveining the leaves cuts off the supply of food and water that is carried to the leaves and the veins do not carry as much chloroplast compared to the leaves. The leaves were placed under a lamp to absorb any remaining fluids and then added to a blender that had been chilled to slow down respiration of the spinach leaves and enzymatic processes within the spinach leaves that cause browning. The solution was blended in three 10-second bursts after a .5 M sucrose solution was added to the spinach leaves.

In this experiment, paper chromatography was used to determine what pigments were present in spinach extract. From this experiment, we can see that four different types of pigments are present in the spinach extract used, the following are those pigments: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, beta carotene, and xanthophyll. The absorption and reflection of these pigments all revolve around the basis of the electromagnetic spectrum. The form of electromagnetic radiation is released as light and overall it is a type of energy that travels in waves. Going back to the spectrum itself, all the different types of electromagnetic radiation combine to form the electromagnetic spectrum, which tells us which colors can be absorbed and/or reflected. Each wave

This experiment demonstrates the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis by examining the behavior of leaf disks in different pH solutions under light. In this experiment, we used five different pH levels: pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8 and pH 9. These solutions were created using a combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Spinancia olcerea or spinach, leaves were used in the experiment to examine the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis was measured by counting the number of leaf disks that rose to the surface of the solution after each minute. In acidic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis increased while in basic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis decreased.

If Co2 is tested in both spinach exposed to a grow light, and spinach that is not exposed to light, then the spinach in the light will consume a greater amount of CO2. This is because sunlight is an essential part of the process of photosynthesis. The equation of photosynthesis is: CO2 plus H2O goes to C6H12O6, ATP and O2. This means that carbon dioxide and water are reactants in photosynthesis and glucose and oxygen are the products. In photosynthesis the water molecules are split in the leaf’s chlorophyll.