Spinal Columm Case Studies

The central nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary actions such as respiratory rhythm and blinking as well as voluntary actions such as muscular movements like walking. The central nervous system is composed of neurons that send and receive chemical messages through the transmittance of neurotransmitters. The spinal cord connects the brain to the body and when the spinal cord is damaged it loses its function to communicate messages from the brain throughout the body. Depending on the location and severity of the injury different symptoms and pathologies occur. There are different ways in which the spinal cord can be injured. It is protected by the spinal column, which is also called the backbone or spine. The spinal column is composed of a chain of bones called vertebrae, which are interconnected by flexible ligaments and spinal discs. However, if the spinal cord in injured and it starts to swell it starts to create pressure because the spinal column is surrounding it. Fractured bones of the spinal column or herniated discs can also cause damage to the spinal cord. The most common type of injury to the spinal cord is spinal cord compression when it is compressed due to a force on the spinal column. All of these different types of injuries lead to cell degeneration and death of the different types of cells in the spinal cord (Badner et al.

The spinal cord is made up of many long, thin strands of nervous tissue that extend from the medulla oblongata in the stem of the brain through to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. This organ is one of the most important within your body, it controls the body’s movements and sensations by sending and receiving signals to and from the brain and this of how humans turn thoughts into actions and feel sensations such as pain when you hurt a specific area of your body such as a cut.

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a common disorder that is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the intervertebral discs, resulting in deformity and dysfunction. The structural and functional integrity of the spine in essence is compromised due to several issues, including inflammation, diminished oxygen, and deficiency of essential water and sugars, which are key components of intervertebral discs balance and proper function. In the United States, roughly 5% of the population experience chronic lower back pain problems, much of which is associated with the disorder. Intervertebral disc degeneration develops with age, and tends to be more prevalent in people who have problems with

This is a 22-year-old male with a 6/11/2015 date of injury. He reported injuring his lower back, June 11, 2015 while carrying a desk up the stairs to the second story.

Human spine consists of twenty six vertebrae separated by twenty four intervertebral disks. These disks absorb shock during everyday activities such as running, walking, sitting, turning, and bending. The intervertebral disks have two parts: an outside part called annulus fibrosus, which is made up of strong fibrous cartilage; and inner part called nucleus pulposus, which consists of water and collagen fibers and is often described as “gelatinous” substance. When outer annulus fibrosus thins out due to an injury or age-related weakening, the inner nucleus pulposus can slip out, causing pain and discomfort because it can press on the spinal cord and nerves. This condition is called herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP).

To understand the techniques utilized for spinal cord protection, providers must first understand the anatomy of

Low back pain is one of the most common complaints with which patients go to a physician. Low back ache is so common that at least 80% of the population will get it at some point of their lives.(1) Sciatica (Radiating leg pain with or without low back pain) is a common symptom and occurs in approximately 40% of adult population at some point of time but clinically significant sciatica is only 4%-6%.(2) Intervertebral disc prolapse(IVDP) seems to be the most common cause of Sciatica but some patients with features suggesting sciatica won’t show any disc prolapse in MRI or CT scan while some people with no symptoms show disc prolapse making it a paradox.(3) This paradox led to thinking of alternate explanations that prolapsed intervertebral

My patient this week was hospitalized due to back surgery. He has DDD, which stands for degenerative disc disease, and he also has lumbar spinal stenosis. For this paper, I am going to focus on lumbar spinal stenosis. This disease is described as the narrowing of the open spaces within a patient’s spine, which can then put pressure on his/her spinal cord and the nerves that travel through the spine to his/her arms and legs (Spinal Stenosis, 2015). The most common cause of spinal stenosis is arthritis, but degenerative changes also occur in the spine as people age and this disorder often occurs in adults over sixty years of age (AAOS, 2013).

Traditionally, spinal problems are believed to always have specific patho-anatomic diagnoses just like other pathological conditions such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, etc. Articles about cervical (Boden et al 1990) and lumbar spine (Boden et al 1990, Jensen et al 1994) demonstrated multiple imaging pathologies were found in pain-free individuals, and about 65% increase of spine care cost from 1997 to 2005 has produced worse health outcomes despite imaging technological advances (Martin et al 2008). This has led to a paradigm shift that between 70-90% of neck and back problems is actually non-specific in nature (Deyo et al 2008?). The non-specific nature of neck/back pain does not mean that they all have the same clinical features. For example, the patient’s experience of pain can have different neurophysiologic pain mechanisms at work that result in substantially different clinical and financial burden (Kleinman et al 2014). These mechanisms could be nociceptive (painful sensation arising from local tissue inflammation), peripheral neuropathic sensitization (exaggerated temporal summation of painful stimulus coming from peripheral nerve tissue

The spine is connected to all the organs and many different pains are caused by spine problems. We often start treating the disease, instead of the spine.

The role of recording is to have a correct way of diagnoses and also select a better way of treatment (10). Inter-vertebral discs are the largest avascular tissues (1,13) but they are metabolically active (10). Thus needed nutrients will be transferred to the cartilage and A.F using the blood vessels surrounding tissues or the body of the lumbar spine through subchondral bone tissue (10). Disruption in normal discs cause pressure. So we will see a decrease in pressure by reduce in height, herniation of the discs and so increase in pressure on annulus (10). With age the central part of the discs will be herniated and that cause slipped discs. Herniated disc at the bottom of the lumbar spine causing pressure on nerves and nerve roots, causing back pain (lumbago) or pain in the legs (sciatica) (8).

The spinal cord is located between the afferent and efferent fibers pf the peripheral nervous system (PNS) which serves two important roles (Sherwood, 2014). The first is a connection from the brain to the rest of the body to send and receive

Cervical degenerative disc disease is less common than the lumbar area and it often called cervical spondylosis, the stresses of the changes in ligaments and facet joints to enlarge become hypertrophy as they need to spread the load over a larger area leading to compression of the spinal cord and nerves causing some symptoms that can be range from mild to severe this is starting with pain and over the years the symptom gets worse like spread out of the pain from the region that is affected to shoulders and base of the skull, also down from arms to the hands ending in fingers and this is because of compression to the nerves that courses down to supply the hands, the pain may get worse

The dorsal hollow nerve cord develops into the central nervous system, which is in the brain and spine.

Based on the observation of three distinct periods of climax, scoliosis has been sub-divided into three groups; infantile, before the age of 3; juvenile, age 5 to 8; and adolescent, age 10 until the end of