Spinal Stenosis Essay

A basic definition of etiology can be said as, “The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition” (…). Over time, Doctors have been able to pinpoint some simple causes, and risks that increase a person’s chances of suffering from stenosis. One of the biggest causes of Spinal Stenosis is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It is wearing down of the protective tissue at the ends of bones (cartilage) occurs gradually and worsens over time (…). The next question one might ask is, what does osteoarthritis have to do with spinal stenosis. The answer is, osteoarthritis causes disk changes, the ligaments of the spine to thicken, and can lead to bone spurs. Which in turn puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerves (…). Another leading cause is herniated disks. A herniated disk is a condition where the rubbery section between the spinal cord begins to bulge or slip (…). Which in turns puts pressure on the spinal nerves and induces narrowing. Injuries to the spine is another cause for spinal stenosis. Injuring the spine can lead to damages to the vertebras. Another cause for spinal stenosis is Paget’s Disease. More than two hundred thousand people in the United States is diagnosed with this disease annually. Paget’s Disease is a condition where your bone grows abnormally large and brittle; which results in the narrowing of the spinal canal and nerve problems (…). A few more causes of spinal stenosis that is not physical is age and genetics. As a person age their bones change too. Also, if someone in a person’s family has spinal stenosis they can also pass it down to their children, depending upon

Epidural fibrosis after lumbar surgery is a progressive disease associated with radicular pain and unfavorable outcomes. Epidural scar usually developed in response to tissue damage, mainly nucleus pulposus, or hematoma during surgery. 8 After surgery, the lumbar spine progress into degenerative changes, and development of spinal stenosis, central or foraminal, due to facet joint or disc degeneration, or segment instability. 6 Stenosis can also be initiated or exacerbated by epidural adhesions. 9 Acceleration of the degenerative changes in the adjacent segments occurs after fusion. Furthermore, fusion of the lumbar spine into the sacrum may accelerate the development of

If this works, a tube and a pump may be used to deliver the pain medicine directly into the spinal fluid to control the pain. Morphine is often used for this purpose, and you can still have side effects like itching and constipation. Surgery is done to put the small pump into your body.

Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent complaint of pain for patients, with the severity ranging from discomfort to disabling. Various chronic low back pain treatments exist, one of which is the osteopathic spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) using high velocity low amplitude (HVLA) techniques. This case report shows that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) provides pain reduction and improvement in vertebral functioning. It also aims to summarize literature that supports the use of HVLA in LBP and to know when to use SMT

Once diagnosed with Idiopathic scoliosis it begins a race against the clock, trying to correct the curve, stopping progression of the curve and finding the best pain management options. This is especially the case in adolescents but is also a problem in adults because idiopathic scoliosis can continue to progress after skeletal maturity is achieved (Negrini et al. 2015). In fact, over 60% of idiopathic scoliosis patients experience progression of their spinal curve (Negrini et al. 2015). With a wide variety of treatment options it can be overwhelming and difficult to decide which treatment is best for each patient to help pain management. Non-surgery treatment options for pain management include, physical therapy, chiropractic treatment and bracing.

The main purpose of this trial by Petersen et al. (2002) was to compare the efficiency of two treatment programs for chronic low back pain. Treatments included the use of spinal stabilization and the McKenzie approach which are known as main interventions frequently used for the treatment of chronic low back pain. The stabilization method emphasises on retraining of specific deep or local stabilizing muscles of the spine while maintaining the lumbar region in a neutral position. Conversely, McKenzie model involves an inspection that includes repeated end-range spinal movements. Thus, patients were invited to response to these repeated movements to determine a category and a way of preference for therapeutic exercise. In this study, McKenzie group demonstrated statistical improvements (p=0.04) in all dependent variables that were assessed. It was therefore recorded that more than 50% of participants who followed McKenzie treatment demonstrated centralization of symptoms with repeated movements; thus, as per authors, Petersen et al. (2002), McKenzie therapy could be considered as a predictor of patient outcomes.

Spinal decompression is the process in which the spine is stretched using a traction table with the ultimate goal being to relieve back pain and even leg pain. The procedure is non-surgical and it can even help you with herniated, bulging and even degenerating discs. It works by creating a negative pressure and this retracts and repositions the herniated disc. It also creates a pressure in the disc and this will cause an influx in nutrients and other various substances. We are experts in the field when it comes to spinal decompression and we are very proud to say that we are some of the best in the business.

Positive diagnosis of scoliosis is frequently led by an orthopedic surgeon. A complete health check is taken, including inquiries about family past of scoliosis. The physical examination contains determination of teen-age growth in adolescents, a neurological exam, and sizes of trunk asymmetry. Study of the trunk is done while the human being is standing, winding over, stretch out, and involves both graphic examination and use of a simple mechanical device called scoliometer. If an arc is noticed, one or more X-rays will frequently be taken to describe more precisely the arc or arcs (howtodowell.com). The arc is described in terms of where it starts and ends, in which way it curves, and by an angular measure known as the Cobb angle. The Cobb angle is found by protruding lines correspondence to the vertebrae tops at extremes of the arc, projecting perpendiculars from these lines and evaluating their angle of connection (enotes.com). Infrequently, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is used, mainly to look more carefully at the disorder of the spinal cord and nerve roots spreading from it if nervous problems are assumed (Fleming, 2006, howtodowell.com). The modern medical tools of Radiographs and MRI are used to help see the spine curves much

Depending on the severity of the curvature, different treatment methods are implemented to attack this abnormality of the spine. Although the effectiveness of using plastic back braces to deter the curvature is still to be determined, doctors still generally use this method for smaller curves. In recent years, doctors have been employing a minimally invasive surgical approach for larger curves, one that requires surgeons to only make a few small incisions along the spine, rather than the traditional two-foot incision along the spine. This technique is by far the most radical treatment since the first scoliosis surgery took place in the early 1900s.

From this investigation it can be seen that there is much uncertainty around the subject of spinal immobilisation. The assessment of cervical spine injuries in a pre-hospital context is primarily based upon the hospital based NEXUS and Canadian C-Spine Rule criteria. Recent research has shown that there are risks associated with spinal immobilisation and that there is insufficient evidence to prove or disprove its effectiveness. Relating this information back to the case profile it is clear to see that the paramedics assessed the patient using the NEXUS criteria. Their decision of collaring the patient based upon the mechanism and non-severe midline pain is more associated with the Canadian C-Spine Rule criteria. The use of a scoop stretcher

The article “Management of Cervical Injuries in Athletes: Timing of Treatment” by Branko and Sheeraz discussed regarding two of the most common transient neurologic conditions that can occur in athletes participating in contact sports are burner syndrome and cervical cord neurapraxia. And due to these two injury, there is a chain injury which they suggested, underlying cervical disc herniation with associated foraminal or central canal stenosis has been implicated. They have put their focused on the injury management, mechanism of the injury and also return to play guidelines. they begins with the sideline with detailed attention to mechanism of injury, distribution and duration of symptoms, palpation for muscle spasms, and evaluation of cervical range of motion, localized bony tenderness, and a thorough neurologic examination.

Scoliosis is define as a lateral curvature of spine greater than 10 degree and vertebral rotation (Pellios et al., 2016).The spinal changes shown as compressive force on concave side of a curvature resulted in narrowed disc space and spinal canal space, wedge shaped vertebral bodies thinner and short lamina and pedicles, however, convex side changes includes wider rib space and posterior deformed rib cage (McKinnis, 2014). According to McKinnis, spinal curves over 10degree appears in 2% to 4% of population and curve more than 25 degree occur in 1.5per 1000individuals in the United States (2014). Approximately 10% of all adolescents have some degree of scoliosis, moreover, approximate cost of spinal surgery to correct idiopathic scoliosis was

Lumbosacral stenosis puts pressure on the nerves in the spinal canal between the lumbar and sacral vertebrae, damaging them. The condition is rare in cats but can cause pain and lameness in cats who are affected.

Background and Rationale: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and debilitating condition caused by a traumatic blow to the spine. SCI is irreversible, leaving many patients with permanent loss of motor function as a result of neuronal injury, including nerve compression, myelin sheath loss, nerve disconnection, and nerve degeneration (Fig. 1) [1-3]. The annual incidence of SCI in the United States is approximately 12,000 new cases each year [1, 5]. With the aging population and increased occurrence of motor vehicle accidents in adolescents, these numbers are expected to rise in the near future, making the need for suitable treatment of this condition a high priority [5]. Currently, SCI is treated with corticosteroids and physical

Spinal Immobilisation involves the use of a number of devices to stabilize the spine after injury, which will consequently prevent further damage to the spine, spinal cord, surrounding tissue and vital organs. Spinal motion restriction on the other hand, can be described as being the preferred practice amongst emergency medical practitioners. Spinal motion restriction aims to maintain the spine in anatomic alignment and reduce the amount of movement as much as possible. (Physicians, 2015)