Spleen's Role In Physiological Research

White blood cells are part of the immune system and help defend the body from antigens.

The organs that make up the lymphatic and immune system are the tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. White blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, and platelets (thrombocytes) make up the blood. Lymphocytes are leukocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight off diseases. Two types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells. Lymphocytes recognize antigens, or foreign substances/matter, in the body. Lymphocytes are a classification of agranulocytes, or cells (-cytes) without (a-) granules (granul/o) in the cytoplasm. B cells are created from stem cells, which are located in the bone marrow. B cells respond to antigens by becoming plasma cells. These plasma cells then create antibodies. Memory B cells produce a stronger response with the next exposure to the antigen. B cells fight off infection and bacteria while T cells defend against viruses and cancer cells. A hormone created by the thymus gland called thymosin changes lymphocytes into T cells. The thymus gland is active when you are a child and slowly shrinks, as you get older. T cells bind to the antigens on the cells and directly attack them. T cells secrete lymphokines that increase T cell production and directly kill cells with antigens. There are three types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and memory T cells.

One of the most important organs of the lymphatic system within the body's blood filter process is the spleen. This organ does a variety of things to help keep healthy blood available to be shipped to the body for pathogen-fighting purposes. The spleen normally is about a fist size. The oval clump of blood vessels intertwined with strands of connective tissue is separated into two parts. The blood vessels that make up a large content of the spleen, are called splenic sinusoids. The organ is normally found in the left upper part of the abdomen, above the stomach, it is mostly protected by the lower ribs. This particular organ is a definite vital part in cleaning the body's blood supply. In most cases people can live without their spleen (Rettner, 2013). This of course comes with extra precautions to help fight infections but a normal life can exist. The dark purplish red mass helps to filter the blood through its many passageways of blood vessels and is soft in texture.

The three organs I am doing research on are the spleen, gall bladder, and appendix. As the spleen playing a role part of the immune system such as the appendix, it is also involved in the digestive system with the gall bladder. The human spleen is located in the upper far left part of the abdomen which is also, on the left side of the stomach. The spleen comes in diverse shapes and sizes between different people, but it is most commonly shaped like a fist, violet colored, and approximately four inches long. The spleen has a lot of functions. The functions of the spleen include filtering of the blood, recycling old red

Spleen is an important internal organ, an organ that is accountable for both the storage and purification of red blood cells. “The spleen serves a critical role in immune function because it purifies the blood and helps the immune system to recognize and attack foreign pathogens and allergens” (Healthline Medical Team, 2014). Spleen is located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather than lymph, flows through the spleen. Blood cleansed of microorganism in the spleen. The spleen store blood and destroy worn out red blood

While the spleen performs a number of important functions, it is not essential to life. Other organs such as the liver and bone marrow are able to take over many of its jobs. Your spleen may be removed (splenectomy) for various reasons. It may, for example, be removed because of an illness that affects the spleen, or if it is damaged by an injury. Also, the spleen may not work well in some diseases - for example, sickle cell disease, thalassaemia and

The spleen is an abdominal organ involved in the production and removal of blood cells in most vertebrates and forming part of the immune system. It is tucked under your rib cage next to your stomach on the left side of your abdomen. This soft, spongy organ performs several critical jobs and can be easily damaged. Your spleen filters out and destroys old and damaged blood cells, stores red blood cells and platelets that help your blood clot and prevents infection by producing white blood cells that act as the first line of defense.

The radiation of the gamma ray can be pinpointed in any part of the body, not harming or causing unwanted side effects to other parts of the body. The normal cells around the designated area are harmed, but can usually easily repair themselves. However, since the rays interact with your

Radiation affects people by depositing energy in body tissue, which can cause cell damage or cell death. In several cases there may be no obvious effect. In other cases, the cell might survive but grow to be abnormal, either temporarily or permanently. Furthermore, an abnormal cell could become malignant. Both large and small doses of

The immune system consists of a defense system that guards the body against invasion from infections and other diseases. Normally, a healthy person's immune system has the capability to differentiate between its own cells and cells that represent threats to the health of the body. (Craft and Kanter, 2002). Autoimmune disease refers to a broad range of over 80 acute, long-lasting diseases that affect nearly every organ in the body. (Wrong Diagnosis.com, 2000).

The efficacy of diagnostic imaging resembles a double-edged sword in the medical industry. A radiographer trained to image a patient correctly must use all knowledge to keep the radiation level at its lowest and safest level to produce the best quality image possible; however, the radiation level still has an effect on the patient that can go unseen by the naked eye. Ionizing radiation produced by x-ray, gamma rays, alpha & beta rays, can have an effect on cellular structure and its reproduction process, as well as its DNA, the coding system to cellular life. The amount of damage can depend upon the type of ionizing radiation, its energy and the total amount of radiation absorbed by radiosensitive

In 2007, it is predicted that almost 1.5 million people will be diagnosed with cancer in the United States (Pickle et al., 2007). More than half of these cancer patients will undergo the use of radiation as a means for treating cancer at some point during the course of their disease (Perez and Brady, 1998). Cancer, a disease caused by an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells, affects millions of people around the world. Radiotherapy is one of the well known various methods used to treat cancer, where high powered rays are aimed directly at the tumor from the outside of the body as external radiation or an instrument is surgically placed inside the body producing a result of internal radiation. Radiation is delivered to the cancerous regions of the body to damage and destroy the cells in that area, terminating the rapid growth and division of the cells. Radiation therapy has been used by medicine as a treatment for cancer from the beginning of the twentieth century, with its earliest beginnings coming from the discovery of x-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen. With the advancements in physics and computer programming, radiation had greatly evolved towards the end of the twentieth century and made the radiation treatment more effective. Radiation therapy is a curative treatment approach for cancer because it is successful in killing cancerous tumor cells and stop them from regenerating.

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell, which are an important part of the immune system. Lymphocytes can defend the body against infection because they can distinguish the body’s own cells from foreign ones. Once they recognize foreign material in the body, they produce chemicals to destroy that material. Two types of lymphocyte are produced in the bone marrow before birth.

Radiation is very powerful and when its powers were first being discovered many people put their lives at risk. In the beginning of the 20th century, it was discovered that radiation could not only cure cancer but cause cancer as well (The American Red Cross Society Medical and Editorial Team, 1). Many radiologists used their skin on their arms to test the radiation from their radiology machines. As a result many developed leukemia from regularly exposing themselves to radiation (The American Red Cross Society Medical and

Humans can live without spleen but since the spleen plays an important role in fighting microorganisms, it increases the person’s chance of contracting more infections.