Chapter II
Sports Nutrition Literature
The primary goal of sports nutrition is to achieve energy balance by ensuring an adequate caloric intake in the correct proportion of macronutrients (American Dietetic Association, 2000). These recommendations coupled with the need for quality training and adequate rests are the cornerstones for optimal athletic performance (Earnest, 2002). Achieving energy balance is crucial for the athlete’s ability to consistently train at the intense levels needed for athletic success. Nutritional recommendations for athletes are contingent on many factors, including gender, age, body type, and individual genetic variables. The environmental conditions such as heat, humidity, and altitude also factor into the dietary recommendations given to athletes (Rosenbloom, 2000).
In college athletics, nutrition is often the deciding factor between winning and losing. Recreational athletes can enhance athletic performance simply by increasing the time, duration, frequency, or intensity of their training. Collegiate athletes, however, are likely to be trained at similarly high levels with comparable physical talents leaving dietary intake as the deciding factor between winning and losing (Maughan, 2002). The physical exertion required to participate in sports requires an adequate source of energy. This energy comes from the food one consumes. It is recommended to eat well-balanced meals before physical activities. An extra serving of a certain food group is
The athlete I have chosen is a 22 year old city soccer player named Erika Ibarra. It is important for Erika to have a nutrition that supports her power and endurance training for soccer. It is important for her to have a well balanced source of nutrients. She needs a goof source of carbohydrates and fats to help give her the energy she needs to support her endurance work outs. She also should have a good amount of protein to repair muscles before and after her workout. Her recommended daily calorie intake is 2000 calories according to the super tracker tool. I would also recommend her taking 1 serving size of multivitamins in the morning to insure that she is getting a good source of vitamins and minerals. Below is the 24 hour meal recall for
As an athlete, it is crucial for me to maintain a healthy nutritious diet. To do my best while participating in physical activities, I should eat lots of fruits and vegetables. My diet is relatively well balanced, but I should still increase my intake of those two food groups. Eating more fruits and vegetables is
In this metabolic study, eight men and eight women, whom were competitive, healthy cyclists were selected. This crossover study was conducted on four separate days, each time the participants were told to do light exercise the previous day and eat a typical prerace meal one to two hours prior to the experiment. At random each was given one of three carbohydrate supplements (sports
M1 give examples of the impact of energy balance and hydration in relation to sports performance
What's something that makes or breaks a great athlete? Some might say it's their impeccable work ethic, others could say it's their natural or god-given talent, but what most neglect to think about is their dietary functions and their almost unmatched desire to be in the best shape they possibly could be. From JJ Watt's nine thousand calories per day diet to Michael Phelps' insane twelve thousand calories per day intake, this idea has even made its way to the fastest man on Earths kitchen, Usain Bolt, with his near five thousand and five hundred calorie per day diet.
Overall, all the participants did not meet recommendations for CHO, Vitamin A, D, C, B1, and B6 during training and, in addition, women did not consume the recommendations for PRO, calcium, iron, and zinc.5 Furthermore, during the race 75% of the runners doing the 60- km race fell short on getting the recommend CHO. For the 120-km runners, 3 of the 4 men took in greater than 500 ml/h of fluid, which met recommendations, but only 1 runner took in greater than the recommended CHO during the race (108 g/hr). One major limitation of this study is that the four runners PRO, sodium, and fat intakes weren’t recorded during the 120-km
Carbohydrate intake during exercise performance was normally used in various sports such as cycling, running and also team sports (Febbraio, Chiu, 2000; Tsintzas et al, 1995; Welsh et al, 2002). Athletes could consider a low carbohydrate diet to improve body composition, less stress and faster recovery. Noakes (2014) showed that athletes consumed a low carbohydrate diet managed to ride four minutes longer before reaching exhaustion. A (Nicholas et. al., 1997) study investigated the restoration of high-intensity running capacity following a diet containing additional energy in the form of carbohydrate or fat and protein. However, Hermansen et al (1967) argued that there were high oxidation rates of carbohydrates at 75% of V02
The benefit of adequate nutrition contributing to successful athletic performance is well known, but not completely understood and applied among athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess nutrient intakes, and dietary habits
For an elite athlete to stay at their top performance they must have a good diet, there are many things to be taken into consideration when making a diet make sure your body gets all the right nutrition within the right amount. Having a good balanced diet will need to contain Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Fibre and the main thing Water, these are divided into two groups: Macro-nutrients and Micro-nutrients.
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In order to maximise the body 's glycogen stores, athletes should habitually consume a high carbohydrate diet, contributing approximately 60% to 70% of total energy, equivalent to 6g to 10g carbohydrate/kg body weight/day. This is about 5-15% greater than the level of carbohydrate recommended for the general population. Although complex carbohydrates such as cereals, pasta and bread are generally recommended in preference to simple sugars, a diet providing 70% of energy as complex carbohydrate can be excessively bulky. Moreover, there may be situations, for example, immediately post-exercise, where foods containing complex carbohydrate are not suitable. The use of food and drink containing simple sugars e.g. jam or honey may therefore be necessary on occasion.
Nutrition is the process by which chemicals from the environment are taken up in the body to provide the energy and nutrients which are needed to keep us alive and healthy. Also providing the body with growth and repair to our muscles. Apart from water and oxygen, the needs of the body must be met by the intake of foods. Our recommended daily amount (RDA) on calories is 2500 for men and 2000 for women to maintain a healthy diet.
““They’re an easy and convenient source of complete high-quality protein,” says Carole Conn, PhD, associate professor of nutrition at the University of New Mexico” (Shaw). A professor of nutrition agrees that protein is not only easy and convenient, but also a high-quality and safe source of protein. This essay will feature the pros, cons, and the stance of the author. Dietary supplements are beneficial for high school athletes and although the opposition to supplementation is high, it has been shown that there are numerous positives to supplementing.
When an athlete is in an energy balance their input of energy equals their output. For this athlete if they have an excess of protein it must be noted where the excess is coming from, i.e. from a deficit of lipids or carbohydrate. If there is a deficit of lipids it would not be as serious as if there was a deficit of carbohydrates. If an athlete had a deficit of carbohydrates their physical performance could be at risk of depletion (Phillips, Moore and Tang, 2007).
Have supplements and fine-tuned dieting given some athletes an edge over others? After merely decades of research and clinical trials, studies have shown the enormous benefits supplements and consistent dieting has on an athlete. Supplements like whey protein, creatine, caffeine, and branched chain amino acids have allowed athletes to surpass limiting plateaus and reach new heights with respect to physical conditioning and mental awareness. Whey protein provides protein, which is an important macronutrient that serves as a building block for muscles. Creatine is a relatively new supplement that allows muscles to utilize more ATP and thus increase the endurance of muscle. Amino acid supplements provide an important source of micronutrients