Stalking: A Case Study

The first state to implicate stalking laws was California in 1992 which is no surprise because we needed to protect our stars in Hollywood. It only took roughly six years for all 50 states to implicate some sort of law to protect people. There is a grey line when it does come to stalking however because there is a difference between making threats and actually threatening someone. Unfortunately if you feel you are being stalked it is important to remember that the constitution protects our rights and the first amendment is freedom of speech. In this country we are allowed to say what we want technically. In 1996 president Clinton signed a more stricter anti-stalking bill and made it nation wide restraining orders and even allowed it to include victims family members. It basically was a law that made it illegal to cross state lines with the intent to stalk and harass someone. This is to allow a victim to move and start a fresh life elsewhere. If this law got violated it resulted in a minimum of five years in jail and twenty years if a person was injured in an way during the process of stalking. The anti-stalking laws have been ratified over and over again for the past several years. It is now understood that if a stalker is making consistent threats and shows the possibility of a threat being carried out can get into trouble due to causing fear to a person’s safety. For every state the laws

Stalking is a very dangerous form of violence and is more common than people think. As a society we have many different ideas of what the definition of stalking is. There are many different forms of stalking, sure some of them may seem harmless but it is difficult to differentiate harmful situations and acts from harmless situations and acts. The main thing that makes it stalking is it is a form of abuse is that it is unwanted by the victim. Before the paper starts it is going to define stalking, a little history, and some of its forms.

Before delving into the main points, the definition of stalking must be outlined. According to Patricia Tjaden and Nancy Thoennes, in their study of the National Violence Against Women Survey, “Stalking generally refers to harassing or threatening behavior that an individual engages in repeatedly, such as following a person, appearing at a per son 's home or place of business, making harassing phone calls, leaving written messages or objects, or vandalizing a person 's property. These actions may or

In the article College Student Perceptions of Criminal Justice System Responses to Stalking (2011) the authors explain the methods they had used and examples of past and current research in order to give an insight as what is being explained throughout the article. The current study used a survey that had been administered to undergraduate college students from a large east coast university to examine whether extra-legal factors influenced their personal judgements of criminal justice system responsiveness to stalking (Cass & Rosay, 2011). Stalking and to how it is perceived by college students was the question. There are specified statistics as to where victimization rates range from, for example 13 percent to 30 percent and other estimates

The following article is both interesting and informative when it comes to the final paper product as it deals specifically with laws against stalking; the following research examines and evaluates the anti-stalking laws in place around the United States along with their effectiveness. Richard A. Lingg compares the other set of the anti-stalking statutes around the country with that of California, one of the first states to enact stalking laws and make it a punishable offense in the 90’s, in doing so he spilt the laws into two groups; one where other states have adopted California’s law with no modifications and the other is roughly based on the original law but has a broader range. The original California law and the states that adopted it

Stalking is a terrifying and potentially lethal crime that seems to be on the rise in recent years. While the act itself can be displayed in a variety of ways with many different motivations, the effects on the victims always result in some sort of fear, anxiety, and paranoia among others, along with crippling the victim financially. The media portrayal of stalking can lead to misconceptions about the crime and minizations of the behavior by the general public can lead to a secondary victimization and cause the crime to go unreported. Although anti-stalking laws exist they vary from state to state and may not always provide the adequate of protection, even a person convicted of stalking will only serve a year or less in prison if no other charges

Prior to the early 1990’s there were not any anti-stalking statues in the United States leaving many victims with little protection or help available from the legal system. This changed however in 1990 when California became the first state in the union to pass a state-wide anti-stalking law which declares that “any person who willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly follows or willfully and maliciously harasses another person and who makes a credible threat with the intent to place that person in reasonable fear for his or her safety, or the safety of his or her immediate family is guilty of the crime of stalking” (Cal Pen Code § 646.9, 2008), in this case the law indentifys a credible threat as a verbal or written threat, which can be sent electronically either through a computer, cellphone, or others, that the offender has the means to carry out. However, while California and the other

The first step in studying a phenomenon such as stalking is to con¬duct descriptive and correlational studies that provide information on how and why stalking occurs. Another important area of study is the analysis of antecedents, or early signs of stalking, that might be used to pre¬dict the behavior in specific situations or in certain individuals. In this con¬text, early signs of stalking constitute either of the following: (a) problem behaviors in the social relationships of children or adolescents that could be viewed as early manifestations of obsessional following in a specific instance, or (b) childhood risk factors that suggest someone might stalk another person later in life. One reason for exploring the potential

This review comparison of these Journal articles shows that “prior relationship does influence the perceptions of stalking and Responsibility” (Hills & Taplin 1998, Dennison & Thomson 2000, Seridan et. al 2003, Phillips et.al. 2004, Kinkade et.al 2005, Cass 2011 and Scott et.al. 2013) In these articles the relationship between victim and stalker are analyzed. In other words someone who is known to a victim has their behavior excused but the same behavior for a stranger or acquaintance is considered not acceptable even criminal. People with a “prior relationship” are also treated less harshly by the law.

Stalking is defined as a pattern of criminal conduct inflicted by an offender on an unwilling target who becomes fearful for his or her own safety. Illegal acts include intimidating, harassing, and threatening behaviors that would make a reasonable person afraid for impending bodily harm. Before the term stalking was coined, these intolerable intrusions were not taken seriously by authorities unless and until physical injuries were inflicted. There are two types of victim-offender relationships for most complaints. One is celebrity stalking, which is publicized if an attack followed by an arrest takes place. Another, the more common type, is prior relationships, which can emerge between professionals and their clients, employers and employees

1 in 7 women and 1 in 18 men have been stalked by an intimate partner during their lifetime to the point in which they felt very fearful or believed that they or someone close to them would be harmed or killed

In my opinion, most cases of stalking seem to start when someone ends a relationship or denies the invitation of going out with someone. In the article above, a women denied the invitation to go out with a man that admired her. He did not take her answer of “no” well and continued trying to purse her but in the wrong way. He stalked her off and on for five years. In my opinion, he was a total sociopath in the beginning he would call her over and over again, then he started writing her threatening notes asking her what would she do if someone

Stalking is a huge problem, especially when it comes to domestic violence. As defined by the National Center for Victims of Crime (NCVC, 2008), stalking is “a pattern of repeated, unwanted attention, harassment, and contact.” Stalking is considered a form of domestic violence because of what can happened if it escalates to an occurring event (American Indian Culture & Research Journal 34.4 (2010): 61-76.) Stalking is considered a crime by law because of the trouble it can lead to. If a female is being stalked by her ex, he might be out to harm her. This is where the domestic violence part comes into play. These incursions may increase in frequency as a stalker tries to exert more control over a victim, sometimes in response to the loss of control

stalking, and how gender and past relationship with the stalker affects how police and society

The targeted peers have to suffer trauma or mental problem due to problem brought about by the attackers. Most of the people who are stalked most are stalked through electronic device same to those people who impersonate others. Stalkers have caused damage to a lot people physically or emotionally the same cases apply to impersonators they have made very prominent people to have poor reputation since somebody attacked their accounts and interfered with the communications. Also the events to take place there must be someone who wants to gain from the malicious act and in return harm other innocent peoples. Through hackers who impersonate themselves innocent people have lost properties through stealing from these cartels. Also in cyber stalking the main objective of the stalkers is to make sure they damaged the diseased person mentally same to