Standing Waves Lab

A sound wave is a disturbance that repeats regularly in space and time and that transmits energy from one place to another with no transfer of matter. In Activity 2 on page 8 we had to model sound waves using an instrument. In our class we used a flute as the example and when the person blew into it, sound waves were produced. As they blew and changed the volume and pitch the sound waves changed. A sound wave is created when something vibrates. When something vibrates, longitudinal waves are created which we can hear. A longitudinal wave is a wave that transfers energy through compressions and rarefactions in the material that the wave travels which are all parts of a sound wave. In Activity 2 it states in some parts of the wave, the air molecules

The pendulum was pulled to about 15 cm from the motion detector. In case of the mass on a spring, the mass was pulled till just a few inches away from the motion detector.

In this lab, we will be doing 3 major things: 1) Collecting and organizing data to obtain resonant points in a closed pipe, 2) measure the length of a closed-pipe resonator, and 3) analyze the data to determine the speed of sound.

On a guitar, each string makes a certain note, depending on the speed it vibrates at. The shorter the string, the faster it vibrates, producing a higher note. Strings do almost the exact same thing; depending on which theory you look at. In some string theories, strings are defined as one-dimensional non-looping objects, but in most, they are shown as one-dimensional loops. The reason why string theory is so revolutionary is because it unifies the two major theories that describe the universe; Einstein’s theory of relativity, which uses the most familiar of the four forces, gravity, and quantum mechanics, which are responsible for the other three: strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, and electromagnetism.     

The sound waves are produced by a random oscillating crystal, and are inaudible to humans. A instrument called a

In longitudinal waves the object doesn’t exactly follow the waves fully instead the object moves in a back and forth motion while the waves continues to move forward through the object. While in transverse waves the object doesn’t follow the waves as well and just moves up and down in the same position.

The purpose of this experiment is to measure the speed of sound in air and to determine the effects of frequency on the speed of sound.

To begin the experiment, we measured the masses of the two stoppers and the eye bolt used to secure the stoppers that we were using in our apparatus. The mass of the first stopper was 18.8 grams and the mass of the second stopper was 50.5 grams. The mass of the eye bolt was 11.6 grams. The mass of the screw and bolt that secured our hanging mass was given to us as 25 grams. After, we chose six different hanging masses based on stopper mass. We made sure that the hanging mass was always larger than the stopper mass or else we would not be able to get the stopper to spin at a constant velocity. The first three mass ratios we chose was using the stopper with the mass of 18.8 grams and then we used a hanging mass (the mass of the screw and bolt is included) of 65 grams, 85 grams, and 105 grams. This gave the three mass

waves to larger waves. When the water starts to move it is subject to the Coriolis

-“The wave continues to travel for 0.20 s before stopping.” This sentence is wrong because period does not measure the time the medium takes to stop moving. Period is the measure of the time one particle takes to complete one vibration and start to repeat it again. We do not know if one particle will stop after one vibration.

Have you ever wondered why glass bottles made a sound, kind of like a music note? Well, this paper will explain how this works. The paper will be talking about sound, sound waves, standing waves, musical note names and frequencies, resonance, and closed-end air columns. Closed-end air columns will be a main focus in the paper, studying the physics behind it. Glass bottles are an example of a closed-end air column. Therefore, the more water inside the bottle, the lower the note, and less water would be a higher note.

A pendulum is a bob suspended by a string from a fixed point and behaves in an oscillating manner. When released from an angle away from its equilibrium, it swings side-to-side in a periodic motion. The time it takes to complete one full swing is considered the period and the purpose of this investigation is to discover the effect of the string length on the period of the pendulum. This will be accomplished by recording and analyzing data with the use of data tables and graphs.

The red bar on the left acts as the driving piston. If it moves in a sinusoidal manner from left to right, then the wave that is produced will be a sinusoidal wave. Since the wave is sinusoidal, the wavelength, amplitude and frequency are constant. This is seen in nature as a tuning fork, which produces a periodic sound wave. In a one dimensional tube as shown above, each particle undergoes simple harmonic motion. The volume that is contained in one wavelength also undergoes this same motion. We can represent the displacement of this volume as:

* The vibrations of the strings can be quantified and calculated according to basic laws in physics. These include certain relationships between velocity, wavelength, and frequency and equations that describe the motion of a string fixed at both ends.

As a result of trail and error method we find the angle for the third pulley and the mass that should had be suspended from it. This will balance the forces deployed on the strings due to the other two masses. While the third force is defined as the equilibrant (������⃗������) Since it is the force that establishes the equilibrium. It is also the negative of the resultant -������⃗������ = ������⃗������ = ������⃗ ������ + ������⃗������. We gathered and recorded the mass and the angle required for the third pulley to enable to put the system into the equilibrium in table 1.