Staphylococcus Aureus Is Bacteria Species Characterized By Its Golden Color And Round Shape

The Staphylococcus aureus bacteria belongs to the Staphylococcaceae family. It is small, round shaped, and non-motile. Staphylococcus aureus stains gram positive and can often be found in small clusters (Mandal, 2010). It often forms chains and is a large contributor of soft tissue infections. It is of a yellow color, hence the name ?aureus? which comes from the Latin term ?aurum? for gold (Orenstein, n.d.). Staphylococcus aureus is found in a few spots on the human body, such as the nasal passage, the skin, the oral cavity, and even the gastrointestinal tract. Staphylococci and Streptococci are two different strands of the bacteria and are very hard to distinguish from one another. In order to tell the difference between them, without a microscope, a catalase test needs to be performed. The test is undergone by adding 3% hydrogen peroxide to both samples. Since Staphylococci are catalase positive, meaning they produce catalase, they will produce O? while the Streptococci will not because Streptococci are catalase negative (Todar, n.d.).

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a spherical bacteria which is known to produce a cytotoxin called Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PLV) which destroys leukocytes, and kills tissue (Lina et al., 1999). Five percent of strains of Staphylococcus are known to produce the disease-causing toxin (Lina et al., 1999), but though the amount of PLV-producing strains is somewhat small, the strains which produce PLV are apparently resistant to vancomycin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat staph infections (CDC, 2002). The first recorded case of S. aureus resistance to vancomycin was a reduction in sensitivity to the antibiotic observed in Japan, and has since spread to the United States (CDC, 2002). The most common source of infection of these drug-resistant bacteria are actually in hospitals, wherein the patients are exposed to the bacteria and subsequently infected (CDC, 2002).

Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains often occur in epidemic waves initiated by one or a few successful clones. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is prominently featured during these epidemics. Historically associated with hospitals and other healthcare settings, MRSA now has emerged as a widespread cause of community infections. The majority of Staphylococcus aureus strains are now resistant to penicillin and methicillin (MRSA). Golden staph is creating headlines across the world, the superbug is becoming unstoppable. According to government statistics “one in five cases were resistant to antibiotics” (Alexander, 2017). Scientist are trying to eradicate golden staph with antibiotics, however they are adapting rapidly. Scientists are yet to identify how exactly the bacteria keeps adapting. Antibiotics attack infections by meddling with the bacterial ribosome, which is the part of the cell that makes proteins. If a cell cannot make protein, it dies. “The way the antibiotic works is it throws a spanner in the works. The drug comes in and jams up the machine so the cell can't make protein anymore. “Antibiotic-resistant bacteria find a way to apply oil and restart the machined Belousoff's team compared the cell structure of resistant and non-resistant strains of golden staph under an electron microscope to learn that the latter infections had developed a mutation several

Staphylococcus aureus is a cluster bacterium that can be found on the skin of around 25% of healthy adults. This bacterium is growing everyday all over the world and many people have no idea they are even carriers. “Staphylococcus aureus is present in the nose of adults (temporarily in 60% and permanently in 20 to 30%) and sometimes on the skin” (Levison). This bacterium has the ability to cause skin infection and sometimes may lead to severe life threatening diseases. There are several different strains of staphylococcus and depending on the severity of the infection is how a health care provider decides the treatment most efficient. Impetigo is more common in children, but adults still have the chance of getting this skin condition. Toxic Shock Syndrome is also associated with S. aureus and is found in at least 50% of the cases to date. S. aureus can display a variety of symptoms and all vary with the disease at hand. Symptoms can range from a boil on the skin or in the nose to skin rashes. More severe symptoms can be carbuncles and infection of the blood (sepsis).Staphylococcus aureus is an ugly bacterium; that can lead to several diseases, such as Toxic Shock Syndrome and Impetigo. S. aureus has multiple symptoms and is treated with a variety of antibiotics.

Necrotizing fasciitis Staphylococcus auerus can occur in many forms, one being methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus auerus (MRSA). This specific strand of bacterium that has evolved to become antibiotic resistant. This makes MRSA necrotizing fasciitis almost impossible to treat with antibiotics alone, and often requires extensive surgical procedures. In The New England Journal of Medicine, researchers highlighted MRSA as a root cause of numerous cases of monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis reported in Los Angeles in 2003 (7).

This particular organism, S. aureus is a Gram + cocci, under the microscope it looks like purple grape-like clusters. A distinguishing feature of S. aureus is that it ferments glucose and in addition it can inhabit a salty environment like our skin. A Bromocresol purple glucose test that tests for glucose fermentation can be performed. The glucose fermentation will cause the pH of the indicator to decrease causing a yellow, positive result. This is important, as this is a way to differentiate S. aureus from Micrococci which is another salt tolerant skin flora. Micrococci does not ferment glucose and will remain

MRSA is short for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and can be potentially fatal due to the fact they are not responsive to main antibiotics. S. aureus is a bacterium and not a virus and the most pathogenic of the staphylococci. This infection is one of the first found to be resistant to strong antibiotics. Bacteria are unicellular microorganism, while a virus is a sub-microscopic particle that infects the cells of an organism causing serious skin infectious boils. This superbug is major health concern for the public. This paper will shed some light on the major symptoms MRSA presents, how it spreads, how to prevent it from spreading, and treatments.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a pathogen that causes many complicated health infections in our body. It’s a type of s. aureus bacteria that can produced by process of resistance to many antibiotics such as dicloxacillin, oxacillin, and methicillin. Why is MRSA so dangerous? Its natural ability is to continue transforming in ways to prevent from antibiotic from being completely successful in the batter against MRSA. The US had spent billions of dollar every year into research in order to prevent it from further spreading. In order to do so, we must step up to advance our technology and knowledge to be able to defeat the bacterial warfare. This research will discuss the prevalence and different factors of the disease, it

Staphylococcus aureus embraces many characteristics which are derived by a variety of test to identify if someone has this certain bacteria. This specific species is recognized by the anaerobic fermentation, beta hemolytic halo, coagulase positive testing, the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test resistance, clumps of gram positive cocci that is identified through the microscope, and the a positive catalase test (Kiser 67-87). First in the series of test was the mannitol salt agar MSA plates, which contains a high concentration of salt (Kiser 73). Staphylococcus aureus tolerates salt and its results give off fermentation of acidic PH (Kiser 74). Next, was to evaluate the blood hemolysis and DNA digestion test. Aureus means “gold” and these two test are useful for further

This bacterium can cause many complications and can also be fatal. It is one of the many microorganisms that live on the human skin that are harmless as long as they are in balance with the other microorganisms. When they are unbalanced is when they become dangerous and can create skin infections. If the infection enters the bloodstream through an abrasion or opening in the skin then it can become fatal. Although it is a normal flora of the human body people with weak immune systems are at greatest risk of having the unbalanced microorganisms. For the structure of the bacteria, it has a much stronger cell wall than other bacterias like micrococcus. Staphylococcus is capable of growing using glucose. When the bacteria is exposed to glucose, fructose, sucrose, glycerol, and lactose it will produce an acid when it has oxygen to do

Worldwide, Staphylococcus species are notorious as human pathogens and are the focus of comprehensive studies among researchers in the scientific field. More than, 40 different Staphylococcus species cause diseases known to be clinically and economically significant (Lindsay 2008).

S. aureus is one of the most important amongst Staphylococci species. The species is found primarily on human skin, mucous membranes and can also be found in other areas of human contact including soil, water, and food products. The species is capable of causing a wide variety of diseases, including septicaemia, sepsis, wound sepsis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, food poisoning,

The rate of MRSA infection and colonization is in a steady increase since its emergence in 1961. Though the number of MRSA may decrease but the vulnerability of infections such as invasive diseases are still in the news (Eili Y. Klein 2017). Furthermore, the MRSA infections are getting more limelight as treatment of these infections are also problematic because of emergence of resistance to available drugs (18).

S. aureus is a normal flora in the nasal cavity Minor infections like boils and pimples are caused by S. aureus. This kind of infection can be treated without antibiotics. The invasive infections are treated by antibiotics. S. aureus have clones (groups of bacteria that are genetically related from a single, common ancestor) and many of these clones are now circulating and are resistant to methicillin and several other antibiotics. This invasive methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection is the most common problem in health care facilities and hospitals

Increasing problem with S. aureus is its resistance to antimicrobials. MRSA and VRSA strains of S. aureus pose a great risk to the society. MRSA strains have gradually increased in the health care facilities and are endemic in many parts of the world. MRSA can is usually linked with the skin and soft tissue infections, but it can also cause severe pulmonary infections, including pneumonia and osteomyelitis, urinary infections, bacteremia. Glycopeptides, particularly called vancomycin is considered to be the drugs to treat MRSA bacteremia.