Staphylococcus Aureus, Or Mrsa

When cases of MRSA infection have been identified in the community, a thorough investigation usually reveals a history of recent hospitalization; close contact with a person who has been hospitalized; or other risk factors, such as previous antimicrobial-drug therapy. A study from Chicago found a 25-fold increase in the number of children admitted to the hospital with an MRSA infection who lacked an identifiable risk factor for prior colonization.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or more commonly, MRSA can be transmitted in two separate ways, therefore giving it two different names. One way it is spread is by way of hospitals, giving it the name health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). Another way it is spread is through busy areas with a lot of crowding, therefore naming it community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). MRSA is considered an emerging disease because the prevalence of the disease has increased over the past few decades.

Health care providers and visitors are required to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow strict hand hygiene procedures. Contaminated rooms, surfaces, and laundry items are properly disinfected to prevent the spread of MRSA. In addition to policy and procedures, patient teaching is also helpful for preventing exposure and spread of MRSA. As aforementioned earlier, hand hygiene is key to prevent exposer or transmission of the bacteria. To properly wash your hand effectively, first scrub hands rapidly for at least 15 seconds. Next, use a disposable towel to dry them and another towel to turn off the faucet. In addition, hand sanitizer that contains 62 percent or more of alcohol may be an adequate substitute when the individual does not have access to soap and water (Mayo Clinic Staff,

MRSA is spread by contact, so for example, touching another person who has it on the skin, or by touching objects the bacteria has transferred to. These particular infections are frequent amongst those with weak immune systems and those in hospitals, nursing homes, care centers, etc., because the superbugs crop up around surgical wounds or invasive devices such as catheters or implanted feeding tubes. The

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a spherical bacteria which is known to produce a cytotoxin called Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PLV) which destroys leukocytes, and kills tissue (Lina et al., 1999). Five percent of strains of Staphylococcus are known to produce the disease-causing toxin (Lina et al., 1999), but though the amount of PLV-producing strains is somewhat small, the strains which produce PLV are apparently resistant to vancomycin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat staph infections (CDC, 2002). The first recorded case of S. aureus resistance to vancomycin was a reduction in sensitivity to the antibiotic observed in Japan, and has since spread to the United States (CDC, 2002). The most common source of infection of these drug-resistant bacteria are actually in hospitals, wherein the patients are exposed to the bacteria and subsequently infected (CDC, 2002).

MRSA is a skin infection that can potentially lead to death if not properly treated. Symptoms include rash, headaches, body aches, chills, fever, extreme fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pains. The rash may appear as pimples or boils and can be quite painful. There are two types of MRSA. HA-MRSA is an infection that was contracted in a hospital or healthcare setting and CA-MRSA is an infection contracted by a healthy individual in the community. Often times, those who contract CA-MRSA have a fragile immune system, play sports that require contact to contact, live with health care professional, or live in contaminated environments. Student athletes are most at risk. They can catch infections from gyms and locker rooms that weren 't properly cleaned. If there is any suspicion of having the infection, one should go to their doctor to determine if it is a MRSA infection. The longer one waits the harder it will be to treat it.

Risk factors of CA-MRSA include: skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, loss of integrity allowing penetration of bacteria into the body, contact with contaminated items and surfaces, crowded living conditions, sharing personal items, poor hygiene, having a history of ectopic dermatitis, and exposure to family members or friends who work in a health care setting. Also, there are a number of risk factors for CA-MRSA among student athletes including: playing close contact sports, receiving a skin abrasion and trauma, a high BMI, participating in cosmetic body shaving, coming into contact with a draining lesion or is a carrier of MRSA, and sharing contaminated equipment (Alex & Letizia,

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus also referred to as MRSA is a type bacterium that becomes immune to many antibiotics used to treat even the most common infection. MRSA has become an issue in hospitals around the globe as it is known to constanly change over time. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRSA) usually occurs in day care home, hospitals and other related health care facilities. It was reported that in 2005 the majority of all infection related cases came from an antibiotic-resistant bacterium, resulting in a high rate of death (Tacconelli, et al 2007). In 1961 (Enright, et al 2002) methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRSA) was first discovered in the United Kingdom and later made its way to Asia and after to the United States.

Staff with MRSA with skin disorders: Culture samples should be collected from the throat, nose, perineum and any skin disorders of the staffs on that day when the staff member is discovered as MRSA-positive (day 1). Additionally, treatment of carrier staff takes place on detecting as positive. Gathering of control cultures should have done on the 10th, 15th and 20th day. Employees with MRSA infections should follow the same procedures as they would for any infection. Excepting that, the employee underlie behind an outbreak, MRSA, by itself, should not be a reason for restricting work. Infected employees who are working should cover their wound and follow the normal precautions (WannetW; 2001). Employees with minor lesions should cover

According to Herman, Kee, Moores, and Ross (2008), “there is no data to support use of mupirocin or antiseptic body washes to eliminate colonization in people with community acquired MRSA (p.223).” Furthermore, they advise that proper hand washing, good personal hygiene, and appropriate wound care should be sufficient. However, advises provider to consult an infection disease specialist to discuss measure to discuss colonization (p.223).

MRSA is generally found in hospitals, simply due to the fact that there are higher number of infected surfaces and people in a hospital. The highest numbers of patients in a hospital are typically elderly patients; they are sicker and weaker than the general population. This ultimately makes them more susceptible to infection due to weaker immune systems. More than a third of the world 's population is colonized with MRSA; this makes the probability of infection is extremely high. A person can become infected when the organism invades the skin or deeper tissues and then begins to multiply.

There are two types of MRSA: Healthcare associated and community associated. Healthcare associated occurs after a patient has been hospitalized, surgical, and frail, of immunosuppressed patients. These types

HA-MRSA which is healing center procured mrsa that spreads through restorative offices. HA-MRSA spreads through direct contact with human services experts who convey the ailment or things like swathes or covers that are contaminated with mrsa disease. A patient with a clinic gained disease is around seven times more inclined to bite the dust than a uninfected patient. The following mrsa is CA-MRSA which is group gained mrsa, this can spread anyplace outside of the human services world. CA-MRSA will in all probability spread because of sterile conditions that are awful. The vast majority regularly confuse this contamination for skin break out, pimples, bug chomps, or rashes. Another mrsa is a Urinary Tract Infection which is a MRSA that causes torment and weight in the lower stomach area or pelvic locale. The forward sort is Pulmonary MRSA, Pulmonary MRSA can be created from intubation of a man amid the time they stay at a healing center overnight or even from only a visit. Aspiratory mrsa sometimes has been being contracted in the group. It tends to present itself as pneumonia ( a respiratory condition there is contamination of the lung ) however can exacerbate rapidly and cause other life debilitating conditions, for example, sepsis. The last mrsa will be MRSA in Blood, or Sepsis which is a medicinal condition where the blood gets to be tainted or defiled by microbes. This can make the contaminated

My organization is currently using targeted MRSA surveillance of only those patients who meet the predetermined criteria such as screening those patients who are from the nursing home, ICU patients, and patients who have a history of MRSA. The practice of universal MRSA surveillance presents a great opportunity for decreasing the incidence and risk of MRSA transmission and hospital acquired infection. It is a great tool to improve and implement measures designed at providing a higher quality of care and improving patients’ outcome. I believe that these types of evidence should prompt hospitals or healthcare organizations to take the opportunity and take advantage of the data that was gathered to utilize the use of universal MRSA screening.

Community-associated MRSA is an infection that occurs without healthcare exposure. This infection may spread among sports teams, child care centers, and other similar settings.