Staphylococcus Aureus : Symptoms And Treatment

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections, it can cause serious infections such as bloodstream infection, pneumonia or bone infections. Though it can cause infections it is part of the normal human flora it is mostly found on the skin or in nasal cavities. It is a facultative anaerobic gram positive cocci, it is usually in pairs or clusters. The bacterium is also catalase positive, oxidase

Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism that appears on several diverse surfaces. This bacterium lives harmlessly on the skin as part of the normal flora. Hard surfaces are also covered in S. aureus. The microorganism is gram positive.

MRSA is a skin infection that can potentially lead to death if not properly treated. Symptoms include rash, headaches, body aches, chills, fever, extreme fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pains. The rash may appear as pimples or boils and can be quite painful. There are two types of MRSA. HA-MRSA is an infection that was contracted in a hospital or healthcare setting and CA-MRSA is an infection contracted by a healthy individual in the community. Often times, those who contract CA-MRSA have a fragile immune system, play sports that require contact to contact, live with health care professional, or live in contaminated environments. Student athletes are most at risk. They can catch infections from gyms and locker rooms that weren 't properly cleaned. If there is any suspicion of having the infection, one should go to their doctor to determine if it is a MRSA infection. The longer one waits the harder it will be to treat it.

Staphylococcus aureus is a specific type of bacteria which is a member of the Staphylococcaceae family (Medical News, 2016). The bacteria is found in clusters (staphylo-) which look like grapes and as a result is called Staphylococcus. Staph is Gram positive (which is a method for identifying bacteria) and is non-moving (Medical News, 2016). It can infect all mammalian species and because it can infect such a broad range of mammals it is easily transmitted from one species to another species. Of special concern is methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which does not respond to antibiotics.

From a swab from the MSA plate a lawn of bacteria will be made on a Muller-Hinton plate. Four evenly spaced antibiotic disks will be placed on the plate. The plate will be left to incubate. After an incubation period the diameter of the zone of clearing will be measured to determine the resistance of the bacteria to the antibiotics. This test is not used to determine the bacterial species; it is just used to discover what antibiotics will be the most effective. Knowing all one can form a hypothesis of this experiments outcome: it is very likely if the swabbing of the nose and remaining tests are executed properly that there will be a species of Staphylococcus detected. If the MSA plate is turned yellow by the pH indicator its probable that the species Staphylococcus aureus specifically was detected, this will be proven or disproven by the antibody agglutination test. If the MSA plate maintains a red color its still a species of Staphylococcus the specific species is just unknown. The gram stain should show a purple in color cocci clustered bacterial formation. As Staphylococcus is gram positive and has a cocci cluster

aureus is due to several factors. It is coagulase positive which forms accesses and prevents phagocytosis. It produces several exotoxins that create different responses in the body such as exfoliative toxin which causes scalded skin syndrome and enterotoxin which causes Staphylococcal food poisoning. Exotoxins produced by S. aureus are also responsible for Toxic Shock Syndrome, which is associated with tampon use and wound packing. In general, S. aureus is resistant to penicillin and some strains are resistant to methicillin (MRSA). According to the Minnesota Department of Health, most skin infections caused by S. aureus are self-limiting and do not require antibiotic treatment, but in cases where immunity is suppressed or skin is broken due to surgery or injury, infections may require antibiotic treatment or abscess drainage to prevent more serious infection

Staph infection comes in different types and may cause disease due to direct infection or production of toxins by the bacteria. Boils, impetigo, food poisoning, cellulitis, and toxic shock syndrome are all examples of diseases that can be caused by Staphylococcus [2]. MRSA is a form of bacterial infection that is resistant to numerous antibiotics including methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin and oxacillin, thus making it challenging to treat the infection [3].

A total of 88 S. aureus were isolated from different samples including surfaces (n=34, 38.9%), personnel (23, 26.6%), air (20, 23%) and patients (11, 11.9%).

CA-MRSA stands for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is caused by a type of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that are no longer affected by common antibiotic medicines (drug resistant bacteria). Staphylococcus aureus, which is often called staph, is a bacterium that normally lives on the skin or in the nose of some people. Staph on the surface of the skin or in the nose does not cause problems. However, if the staph enters the body through a cut, wound, or break in the skin, an infection can happen.

The bacteria is not pathogenic on its own, however produces protein-toxins indirectly, disrupting the host. The bacteria mainly affects the respiratory system of the nose, causes dermal infections. This is one of the most common infections found in hospitals, which is spread by healthcare workers acting as carriers for Staphylococci aureus. Staphylococci aureus has a thick cell wall, making it hard for a body’s immune system to destroy it, and has become commonly resistant to antibiotics, leaving a need to newer generations as it evolves

MRSA is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that stands for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (Staph) Aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccal bacterium that is commonly found in the nose and on the surface of the epidermis of healthy patients, which act as a part of the normal flora, whereas, MRSA can commonly be found on the surface of the skin near the mouth, genitalia and the rectum. (MRSA symptoms, n.d.). MRSA is a specific strain of staph that over time has mutated to become resistant to most antibiotics. MRSA is referred to as being methicillin resistant because that antibiotic, methicillin is the primary antibiotic that is used to treat most strains of Staph aureus and unfortunately this particular strain of Staph, MRSA, is unaffected by its typical antibiotic treatment. MRSA is most commonly acquired nosocomial infection, or more commonly known as a hospital acquired infection. Though it is not as likely, there is a slight possibility of becoming infected with MRSA

MRSA is short for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and can be potentially fatal due to the fact they are not responsive to main antibiotics. S. aureus is a bacterium and not a virus and the most pathogenic of the staphylococci. This infection is one of the first found to be resistant to strong antibiotics. Bacteria are unicellular microorganism, while a virus is a sub-microscopic particle that infects the cells of an organism causing serious skin infectious boils. This superbug is major health concern for the public. This paper will shed some light on the major symptoms MRSA presents, how it spreads, how to prevent it from spreading, and treatments.

Staphylococcusis a root of a large number of illnesses that is commonly a group of bacteria. It is observed under a microscope that staphylococcus is circular, gathering together. They can disseminate diseases directly by infection or indirectly by what they discharge, like toxins culpable of food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. Staphylococcusaureus is one of the notable associate of staphylococcus family. Staphylococci are the most delinquent in hospital-acquired infections that caused thousands to perish yearly. It’s also recognized as staph.

Staphylococcus is a bacterium derived from the Greek word staphylé which means a bunch of grapes and coccus which means grain or berry (Murray, Rosenthal, and Pfaller 222). This means that the gram-positive cocci grow in a shape similar to a cluster of grapes. These organisms can be described as immotile, facultative anaerobe (an organism that can be aerobic, but is also capable of being anaerobic), are able to grow in media that have a high concentrations of salt, and can grow at temperatures ranging from 18ºC to 40ºC. Staphylococcus has at least 35 species and the three main medical importance ones are Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Brooks, Carroll, Butel, and Morse 224). As mentioned,

The release of two exotoxins from certain strains of S. aureus can lead to Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (SSSS), which is characterized by blistering skin. Invasion into the body can lead to more serious health problems including pneumonia (a frequent complication of influenza), mastitis, phlebitis (inflammation of the veins), meningitis, and urinary tract infections. If the bacterium is allowed to colonize even deeper tissues more serious conditions such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis may result. The most serious consequences of these deeper tissue infections occur when the bacterium invades the bloodstream leading to septic shock and possibly death.