Staphylococcus Research Papers

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections, it can cause serious infections such as bloodstream infection, pneumonia or bone infections. Though it can cause infections it is part of the normal human flora it is mostly found on the skin or in nasal cavities. It is a facultative anaerobic gram positive cocci, it is usually in pairs or clusters. The bacterium is also catalase positive, oxidase

The Staphylococcus aureus bacteria belongs to the Staphylococcaceae family. It is small, round shaped, and non-motile. Staphylococcus aureus stains gram positive and can often be found in small clusters (Mandal, 2010). It often forms chains and is a large contributor of soft tissue infections. It is of a yellow color, hence the name ?aureus? which comes from the Latin term ?aurum? for gold (Orenstein, n.d.). Staphylococcus aureus is found in a few spots on the human body, such as the nasal passage, the skin, the oral cavity, and even the gastrointestinal tract. Staphylococci and Streptococci are two different strands of the bacteria and are very hard to distinguish from one another. In order to tell the difference between them, without a microscope, a catalase test needs to be performed. The test is undergone by adding 3% hydrogen peroxide to both samples. Since Staphylococci are catalase positive, meaning they produce catalase, they will produce O? while the Streptococci will not because Streptococci are catalase negative (Todar, n.d.).

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium. It is accountable for numerous conditions when it crosses the threshold into the human body. The bacterium may also be referred to as a ‘Staph infection’. There are more than 28 different types of staphylococcus aureus that are responsible for cellulitis, blood poisoning, and various others. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is also a type of staphylococcus aureus. Staph infections are curable with different antibiotics.

Staph are common bacteria that are denizens of the human body. It is perfectly fine to carry staph; a lot of healthy people hold it within their bodies without being infected by it. Furthermore, one third of the population has staph bacteria in their noses. However, staph can rapidly become quite a problem if it manages to enter the body, usually through a cut, and cause an infection. Staph is one of the most popular causes of skin infections in the U.S. Most infections are minor, not fatal, and don’t require special treatment, but some can be disastrously life-threatening, creating festering wounds or pneumonia.

Staphylococcus aureus is a cluster bacterium that can be found on the skin of around 25% of healthy adults. This bacterium is growing everyday all over the world and many people have no idea they are even carriers. “Staphylococcus aureus is present in the nose of adults (temporarily in 60% and permanently in 20 to 30%) and sometimes on the skin” (Levison). This bacterium has the ability to cause skin infection and sometimes may lead to severe life threatening diseases. There are several different strains of staphylococcus and depending on the severity of the infection is how a health care provider decides the treatment most efficient. Impetigo is more common in children, but adults still have the chance of getting this skin condition. Toxic Shock Syndrome is also associated with S. aureus and is found in at least 50% of the cases to date. S. aureus can display a variety of symptoms and all vary with the disease at hand. Symptoms can range from a boil on the skin or in the nose to skin rashes. More severe symptoms can be carbuncles and infection of the blood (sepsis).Staphylococcus aureus is an ugly bacterium; that can lead to several diseases, such as Toxic Shock Syndrome and Impetigo. S. aureus has multiple symptoms and is treated with a variety of antibiotics.

A) Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, also called “staph”, cause the infectious agent (pathogen) MRSA. MRSA or “mercer” stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This strain of staph is resistant to most antibiotics and can be fatal. MRSA Staph infections are caused by excessive antibiotic use, which has resulted from routine prescriptions for colds, flu, and viral infections that are unresponsive to these drugs. The antibiotics that are in

MRSA which is short for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus is a staph or skin contamination that is resistant to a part of the most grounded anti-toxins. At the point when Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Auereus was initially found a few years prior when it spread in many healing centers and after that into the group, this contamination was known as one of the primary diseases to be resistant to the most effective anti-microbials. Staph contaminations have been referred to following the mid twentieth century as one of the deadliest infections. Staphylococcal contaminations are maladies brought about by various staphylococcal microscopic organisms. Twenty to thirty percent of all sound people get this contamination in the

The most common pathogenic strains that cause wound infection is Staphylococcus aureus (35%), Escherichia coli (15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%) and other bacteria (37%) (Amit Kumar Gupta et al., 2015). In another study, Staphylococcus aureus has been reported as the major cause of wound infection with (24.2%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.4 %), Escherichia coli (14.8 %) and another different organism (39.6 %) (Jyoti Sangwan et al., 2016). Staphylococcus aureus (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is gram positive bacteria and can be a lethally opportunistic pathogen or human commensal, it is one of the leading organisms causing a variety of hospital-acquired infection and community acquired infection (Brown et al., 2014). S. aureus has

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureas (MRSA) is one of the most dangerous strains of Staphylococcus Aureas that causes life-threatening pneumonia, bloodstream infections and surgical site infections in medical facilities (CDC, 2015).

MRSA can be carried by an individual with no side effects, this person is known as a carrier of the bacterium. The Center for Disease says one in three people are a carrier of staph aureus, these individuals can live with the organism their entire life with not one side effect, but if given the opportunity staph aureus can get into the bloodstream or a fresh surgical wound where it can flourish causing the individual to endure many rounds of

Throughout history we have seen the evolution of bacteria, we have seen them develop resistance against Penicillin, Methicillin and Vancomycin antibiotics .This bacteria has a unique ability to mutate to the new antibiotics. Alexander Ogston was a Scottish surgeon that discovered Staphylococcus can produce toxins and is the main cause of pus infection in the 1880’s. Later on they found out that aside from producing toxins Staphylococcus(Staph) also affects the skin and organs. Methicillin was first introduced in 1940, and in 1961 Staph had already developed resistance against it. This particular bacteria affects the skin and our organs. There are many questions unanswered but my question is “ To what extent has methicillin caused staphylococcus bacteria to evolve over time and how does it affect our skin and organs?” . This bacteria is considered a threat because it is able to mutate at a faster pace than other bacterias. When they named Staph they took into consideration the fact that it can live in skin surfaces without causing any harm and that under a microscope this bacteria lookes like a bunch of grapes or little round berries. The word staph comes from the greek word “staphyle” meaning a bunch of grapes and “kokkos” means berries.

A common cause of blood-stream infections, pneumonia, endocarditits, skin and soft tissue infections, and bone and joint infections, S. aureus infection is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

The release of two exotoxins from certain strains of S. aureus can lead to Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (SSSS), which is characterized by blistering skin. Invasion into the body can lead to more serious health problems including pneumonia (a frequent complication of influenza), mastitis, phlebitis (inflammation of the veins), meningitis, and urinary tract infections. If the bacterium is allowed to colonize even deeper tissues more serious conditions such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis may result. The most serious consequences of these deeper tissue infections occur when the bacterium invades the bloodstream leading to septic shock and possibly death.

Staphylococcus aureus is Gram-Positive bacteria and is non-moving small round shaped or non-motile cocci. It is named staphylococcus because it is found to exist in a grape-like cluster (Mandal, 2012). Food poisoning from these bacteria is caused by the bacteria multiplying in foods and produce toxins especially if food is kept at room temperature. The toxins may be present in dangerous amounts in foods but do not show any signs of spoilage (WebMD, 2015). Staphylococcus aureus is transmitted through air droplets or aerosol. About 30% of healthy humans carry Staphylococcus aureus in their nose, back of the throat and on their skin. Therefore, when an infected person coughs or sneezes, he or she infects others by releasing numerous small droplets

Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were characterised first by Sir Alexander Ogston, a Scottish surgeon, more than one hundred years ago. In 1890 S. aureus was reported to cause mastitis in cattle. S. aureus is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, usually oxidase-negative, facultative anaerobic coccus, which belongs to the family of Micrococcaceae and the group of staphylococci. S. aureus is one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in bovine intramammary infection IMI worldwide (Aarestrup et al., 1995a; Myllys et al., 1994a; Myllys et al., 1998; Acuna et al., 2001; Chaves et al., 2001; Gianneechini et al., 2002; Barrett et al., 2005; Tenhagen et al., 2006) and the