Star Fish Research Paper

The esophagus receives food from the mouth after swallowing and then delivers it to the stomach. The stomach holds food which it is being mixed with enzymes which continue the process of breaking down the food into a useable form. When the contents of the stomach are processed they are released into the small intestine. In the small intestine food is broken down by enzymes released from the pancreas and bile from the liver, the food is moved through and mixed with digestive secretions. The small intestine is made up of three segments the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, the jejunum and the ileum are mainly responsible from the absorption of nutrients in to the bloodstream. These contents start out semi-solid and end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes and mucous change its consistency, one the nutrients have been absorbed it then moves onto the large intestine. The large intestine connects to the rectum and is specialised in processing water so that emptying the bowels is easy.

The brown pelican has an intricate digestive system in its body. For example, the bird’s digestive system is specially adapted for consuming fish. In contrast, Pelecanus occidentalis cannot digest large fish bones, such as those from different kinds of sport fishes. Bird beaks and bills act as a mouth for the pelican. When food enters the birds’ bill, the food is sent down the esophagus to the stomach (proventriculus). The pelican then stores the food in the crop, a temporary storage solution for food for birds (Kennedy, 2005). In addition, the crop also allows the pelicans’ food to soften after entering the stomach. There are two parts of the stomach in Pelecanus occidentalis: the proventriculus and the gizzard (Kendrick 2010). In the proventriculus, specialized cells secrete pepsin. Furthermore, the food is then passed on to the gizzard, where it grinds it down to make it easier for the digestive enzymes to break down the food. Another part of the pelican’s digestive system is the small intestine, where food is digested and absorbed. The last part of the bird’s digestive system is the cloaca, which holds the waste products of digestion until they are expelled out through the vent. In addition, the large intestine connects the small intestine to the cloaca.

Digestion starts in mouth and it is going through several steps. Teeth which are a Mechanical digestion start tearing and crushing the food down into small pieces so that the food will smoothly run down our throat. The salivary glands are located underneath the back of our tongues and that’s what is creating our saliva. The saliva is the Chemical Digestion is helping soften the food in the mouth so it is easy to swallow. Also saliva is the first out of several chemicals that is breaking the food into smaller bits. The tongue is the muscle that works with the food and saliva to form something similar to balls that can be swallowed. Also tongue contains taste buds so that we know if the food is salt, sweet, sour or bitter. Esophangus is a simple transportation tube that is joining the throat with stomach. When swallowing we are closing a trap door in our throats called the epiglottis. By closing this trap we are preventing the food prom going to trachea and into our lungs. Also Food moves down the esophangus using muscles not gravity. Stomach is the first stop after the Esophangus. When the food gets into stomach the stomach uses chemicals to try to make the food smaller. These chemicals are called gastric juices and they include hydrochloric acid and enzymes. (Enzymes are

The digestive system of a pig is classified as monogastric or non-ruminant, which is having a stomach with only a single compartment, like humans. In addition, the digestive tract of the pig has five main parts, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Furthermore, the mechanical breakdown of the food begins upon the entrance of the mouth in the digestive tract. Basically, the food is grinded into smaller pieces by its teeth. Next, saliva is produced in the mouth, acting to moisten the small food particles, along with an enzyme that starts the digestion of the starch. Then, the food is pushed towards the esophagus with the help of the tongue. Primarily, the esophagus carries the food from the mouth to the stomach, being a tube, which is carried out with the help of a series of muscle contractions that push the food towards the stomach. Subsequently, after the first of the contractions, swallowing, has taken place, the cardiac valve, located at the end of the esophagus, prevents food from passing from the stomach back to the esophagus. Likewise, the stomach comes next in the digestive tract; it serves as a reaction chamber, adding chemicals to the food. Also, hydrochloric acid and enzymes help break down food into small particles of carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Additionally, some particles are absorbed into the bloodstream, from the stomach, while others cannot be absorbed by the stomach, being passed to the small intestine through the pyloric valve. Moreover, the small intestine aids

Our mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and anus come together to form the digestive system which breaks down our food into simpler molecules. The food enters through the mouth, travels down the esophagus, breaks down in the stomach, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder and then moves through the intestines down to the rectum and anus. A pig’s digestive system is no different than a human’s. A foregut, midgut, hindgut, and a digestive gland form the digestive system of a crayfish. The foregut contains the stomach (partially breaks the food down), the

At New Melones Reservoir, despite the continuing snow melt, the water level dropped another foot last week. The water clarity is good and the temperature is slowly coming up, now averaging 76 to 81-degrees. Trout are showing signs of schooling over deep water and feeding on shad minnows. Trollers have been finding trout at 40 to 60 feet with Speedy Shiners, Needlefish, and ExCel lures. Night fishermen have been doing well by anchoring over fairly deep water and lowering their light to about 20 feet. This attracts plankton, which in turn, attracts shad, which will attract larger fish. Live minnows and nightcrawlers are choice baits. The kokanee numbers may be down, but the quality is good with some going 15 to 18 inches. Bladed lures may work well in deeper water as they create vibration which will attract fish. Scented corn on each hook is important. Big trout winner at Glory Hole Sports was, again, Bob James, of Murphys, with a 2-pound rainbow caught at 55 feet in the main lake. Big catfish winner was John Tennant, of Twain Harte, with an 11-pound, 15-ounce fish caught with sardine bait in the main lake. Bass fishing is good for those who specialize in that type of fishing. Hayden Lee, of Angels Camp, recently caught a 10 pound Largemouth Bass on a topwater lure and he had no net in the boat. He and a friend were able to boat the fish for photos before release.

The process of digestion first begins in the mouth by in taking food (bolus). The teeth help with masticating (chewing and breaking food particles down) allowing for swallowing and increasing surface area for chemical digestion. Enzymes found in saliva also facilitates with the chemical break down of food primarily starches and fats. The food swallowed then enters into the esophagus (a tube connecting the mouth and stomach). Peristalsis helps the esophagus to push the food in the direction of the stomach. The stomach contents are highly acidic (doesn’t affect the stomach mucosa since cells secrete mucus allowing the stomach wall to be protected) with pH levels between 1.5-2.5 allowing microorganisms to be killed, breaking down of food, and activating digestive enzymes producing a thick substance known as chyme. However, breaking down of foods further occurs in the small intestine consisting of: bile created from the liver, enzymes formed from the small intestine, and the pancreas facilitate with further digestion as well as HCI denatures (unfolds proteins) allowing them to be available to attack by digestive enzymes (also responsible in breaking down the protein). The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the small intestine allowing the chime to drop into the small intestine. The small intestine is the primary site for

Gulp. Your favorite food, right in front of you. Mouth watering and eyes glued to the plate. A big inhale and the smell is even better than it looks. You just cannot wait to dive in and devour it, but how does one recognize what your favorite food is by just a sniff? Or what happens after you chew and swallow that meal? Mary Roach,“America’s funniest science writer”, will take you through the gates of the digestive system and explain everything one would ever want to know and more about what happens in the depths of the alimentary canal.

The first time I felt the recoil of a shotgun coincide with the simultaneous drop and flop of a turkey I knew I was hooked. This was all the way back in the fall of 2005 when I shot my very first turkey alongside my father. That day started an addiction that has since intensified and spread to not only turkeys but almost all of Missouri's highly sought after species. Hunting, conservation, and the great outdoors have always been embedded in the hearts of my family. I am no different and plan to dedicate my life to Missouri’s wildlife the same way they have.

Unlike human saliva, this mucus does not contain digestive enzymes, and only purpose is to aid the process of swallowing. The food then progresses into the pharynx, where the gill clefts are located. The pharynx acts as a passageway between the mouth and the oesophagus. Constructed of two layers of non-striated muscle, the oesophagus carries the food through to the gizzard, making use of mucus cells which assist in this process. Digestion begins in the gizzard, as it is a muscular modification of the first section of the stomach. The gizzard grinds coarse foods into smaller pieces, and secretes digestive enzymes into the

The first is that early whales had nostrils located at the rostrum, and as they transitioned back into water, evolution occurred and the nostrils migrated to the top of their head because it was more favorable for underwater life. This allows whales to remain submerged in water while only revealing their nostrils for gas exchange. Additionally, it can be hypothesized that the Odontocetes gave up one blowhole to develop highly modified tissues designed for the production and transmission of echolocation and communication sounds. Right whales (Mysticetes) on the other hand, obtain food through filter feeding, a technique that does not require the same echolocation feature used by dwarf sperm whales for hunting purposes. Therefore, they have no use for highly modified tissues. Natural selection only selects for traits that are beneficial to the organism, and therefore instead of a trade-off between a blowhole and modified tissues, right whales "retain both blowholes and use it primarily for air breathing and perhaps olfaction. Having the two blowholes allow for an increase in airflow, increasing the intake of air in a shorter

The starfish, on the other hand, push one of their stomachs out through their mouths. As they press the stomach against the corpse’s skin, their digestive enzymes liquefy on the tissue. It takes a bit of time, but the starfish has a lot of it.

Whale sharks feed from what is called a “Filter Feeder”. A filter feeder, according to page 2, strain the zooplankton. The article states, “As it cruises through the ocean, water flows continuously into its mouth. Filter pads in its throat strain out the zooplankton, and the filtered water is expelled through the shark’s gills…” (2).This shows how a filter feeder works and what it is used for. Scientists still have not yet

There are many sea creatures live in our ocean. One of the cool animals is the starfish. Starfish are found nearly all marine environments. A lot of the species of starfish include Arctic Cookie, Blood Star, Bat Star, Crested Star. These animals are one of the most noticeable and attractive creatures in the world. They are free-living organisms that have a unique flat body.

While all mammals have digestive systems, there are more organisms that don’t need need quite complex systems to perform a similar task. The sea cucumber, being a simple organism, does not have a single digestive system, but a couple of parts that perform the task of digestion. For example, the sponge has pores on the outside of the majority of its body that are used as a mouth. Those pores, along with current canals, allow water in through their central opening, known as the osculum. The nutrients go through those currents, then to its cilia and stomach. Other body tools that the sponge uses in digestion include the choanocytes, that allow prey in, and the flagella, that makes a current to get the water into the mouth. Similar to the sea cucumber, the flatworm gets food in through its mouth. As the food enters, it goes through tubes to the gastrovascular cavity, while the food that hasn't been digested goes back out through the mouth. Being a simple organism, the flatworm, only has a few parts that include the mouth, the phalanx, and the intestines. Monkey’s being complex organisms, otherwise known as mammals, have a digestive system that includes a mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and a rectum. The mouth, which has salvia inside, breaks down the nutrients that were taken in, then the nutrients go through the esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and eventually to the gall bladder and large intestines, that take in the last nutrients of the food. Lastly, this complex process ends with the nutrients going into the rectum, and coming out of the body as feces. Mammals, being complex organisms, need more complex systems to intake and digest the necessary nutrients, then that of non mammalian