Star Formation Essay

All over our galaxy are pockets of space, filled with dust and gas. Some of these clouds are denser than others, and every once and a while, a cloud of this gas begins squeezing together due to its own gravity. This is when a star begins to form. The cloud begins to form into a rotating disk, with the inner section rotating faster than the outer. The center will begin to heat up because of the pressure and thermonuclear reactions start in its center. Eventually, two hydrogen atoms get squeezed together with extreme pressure so that they fuse into one atom of helium, releasing a massive amount of energy, when this happens; the object is now a protostar. As the star ages, it begins to run out of hydrogen, and the star starts to spasm. It is now a subgiant. The

Stellar evolution stars exist because of gravity. The two opposing forces in a star are gravity (contracts) and thermal nuclear energy (expands). Stage 1 Birth is where gravity contracts the cloud and the temperature rises, becoming a protostar. Protostars are a hypothetical cloud of dust and atoms in space which are believed to develop into a star. Astronomers are fairly certain of their existence. Protostars are formed about a million years after a gas clump from an interstellar gas cloud has started

As this slow contraction continues, the core temperature, density, and pressure of the star continues to increase. As the star shrinks it becomes so dense that it starts to compress helium. This results in the star to swell due to the hot core and leaving a relatively cool surface. Eventually the outer layers of the star expand outwards, increasing the size of the star. As the layers continue to expand, the surface temperature continues to cool, forming a relatively large star called a red giant.

A protostar is a contracting cloud of gas and dust that contains enough mass to form a sun. Together, growing pressure and mass form both the protostar and the remaining star phases that will follow afterward. During the protostar phase, nuclear fusion begins. Nuclear fusion is the process in which atoms combine to create larger atoms. In a star, the nuclear fusion converts hydrogen into helium. This nuclear fusion in the protostar produced an outward force along with gravity. After this phase, the protostar becomes a main sequence

Way out there in space, there are huge clouds of dust and gas and if one of those clouds of dust and gas is massive enough it's own gravity can causes it to start to collapse. When it collapses, it folds itself towards the center of the cloud, then it get denser and denser and hotter and hotter; eventually the particles of that gas and the dust are made up and brought so close together that they start to stick together. Then they start to fuse, thats the energy source of a star. The star switches and begins to shine. Inside every newborn star, hydrogen atoms are fused together to make helium. This process is called fusion and it creates the energy of every star. A star is a luminous sphere of gas producing its own heat and light by nuclear reactions (nuclear fusion).

Orion has two of the brightest stars, be Betelgeuse and Rigel. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant. The gravity of the star squeezes its core tightly, heating it to billions of degrees. It then fuses the helium to make heavier elements. When that happens, the star no longer produces energy in the core. Without the reactions in its core to push outward, gravity quickly causes the core to collapse, forming a neutron star.

When we think of stars, we often think that they are all the same. We often think that they are all just big balls of gas burning up to billions of light years away. However, that isn't exactly true. The truth is that stars are very diverse. Just like anything else in our Universe, stars fall into many different classifications based on its defining characteristics. In this essay I will discuss several different types of stars.

Stars are born in a Nebulae which a clouds of dust and gas (mostly hydrogen). In the stellar nurseries the dense parts undergo gravitational collapse and compress into a rotating gas globule. The globule is cooled by emitting radio waves and infrared radiation. It is compressed by gravitational forces and also by shock waves of pressure from supernova or the hot gas released from nearby bright stars. These forces cause the roughly-spherical globule to collapse and rotate. The process of collapse takes from between 10,000 to 1,000,000 years.

You are probably wondering where did these things come from and how are they formed? Well I am about to tell you, Low mass stars are formed when all the helium has fused into carbon, then the core collapses. As the star collapses, the outer layers of the star are expelled. A planetary nebula is formed by the outer layers a massive star that will undergo a supernova explosion. Then when the low mass star is done forming after billions of years they start to become giants.

The first process every star goes through before its end is the process of their core shrinking. When stars of at least .4 M begin to exhaust their hydrogen supply, the hydrogen starts to fuse in a shell that is outside the helium core. As the shell burns more hydrogen it is also producing more helium, this allows the core to increase in its mass and temperature. When the temperature increases greatly, helium fusion begins to start in what is called a helium flash, causing the star to rapidly decrease in its size and increase its temperature. Once the star has fused all of the helium out of its core, the product of the carbon will fuse which produces a hot core along with the outer shell made up of fusing helium. The more massive a star is,

Similar to white dwarfs, neutron stars formed when the original star cannot support themselves against gravitational collapse by generating thermal pressure. They are born from once large stars that grew to be four to eight times the size of our sun before exploding. After the explosion, the only part of the star that remains is its core, but it no longer produces nuclear fusion. The neutron star density causes protons and elections to combine into neutrons, which is how the star got its name. Neutron stars rotate in space when they are formed but as they compress and shrink, the speed of rotation increases. A form of neutron stars are called pulsars. Most neutron stars gradually slow down over time, but the ones that remain spinning emit radiation that cause the star to appear

Stellar Black Holes: It is consisted when the middle of a very massive star collapses on itself. This collapse also causes a supernova that explode a part of the star into space. (Mathew,2012)

The fragment has now a much hotter and denser center, nearing 15,000 K. The center of the star begins to be visible, now being called a protostar, and overall the cloud begins to resemble a star. Before continuing on to the next phase, the star forms a photosphere to trap in all the material as it gains more mass and continues to

Before a neutron star is created it is a supernova. Supernova’s are difficult to see in our galaxy because dust is blocking our view.When there’s a change in the core in a star a supernova occurs.

Indecent bodies like the sun. Stars are made up of big exploding balls of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium. The sun is similarly a star made up of huge amounts of hydrogen, undergoing a continuous nuclear reaction like a hydrogen bomb. Stars come about when vast clouds of hydrogen, helium and dust contract and collapse due to gravity. The clouds came from astronomical plasma from “The Big Bang”, but the dust comes from the supernovae of other stars.