When Han Solo met Greedo in the Tatooine cantina, the air was tense. Han Solo was wanted by Jabba the Hutt and Greedo, a bounty hunter, was hungry for the reward. They sat and talked, each inching their hands towards their blasters. Eventually, they both shoot, seemingly at the same time, and Greedo is killed. The other cantinagoers glance at the dead alien, but none of them speak up. The cantina band soon strikes up their song again while the other aliens go back to nursing their drinks and the body is carried away on a stretcher. This classic scene in Star Wars Episode 4: A New Hope often begs the question of 'Who shot first? Han or Greedo?'
However, it also is a prime example of what happens when a crime occurs and there are people around. These people, who are called bystanders, often do not speak up about violence they observe. A bystander, as mentioned before, is someone who witnesses a crime or other sinful event, but does not intervene or speak up afterward due to their apathy.
Witnesses a Crime To be considered a bystander, someone must watch or see a crime or sinful event take place. In Heart of Darkness, Marlow eventually makes his way deep into the jungle and observes Kurtz's hut through a pair of binoculars. As he scans the area around the hut, he observes knobs on top of poles and says, "....there it was, black, dried, sunken, with closed eyelids, a head that seemed to sleep at the top of that pole, and, with shrunken dried lips showing a narrow line of
The bystander effect also arises from a diffusion of responsibility as each bystander can better rationalize his or her lack of action. In some cases, people assume that in a large group, there will be someone else that is more qualified to help and therefore, each person feels less obligated to act. For example, a doctor is far more qualified to provide medical assistance to a victim and likewise, a police officer or stronger-bodied man can better subdue a perpetrator. If the crowd of bystanders is large,
If you saw someone being attacked on the street, would you help? Many of us would quickly say yes we would help because to state the opposite would say that we are evil human beings. Much research has been done on why people choose to help and why others choose not to. The bystander effect states that the more bystanders present, the less likely it is for someone to help. Sometimes a bystander will assume that because no one else seems concerned, they shouldn't be (Senghas, 2007). Much of the research that has been done supports this definition of the bystander effect. There have also been recent situations where this
So what exactly is a bystander? What goes on in a bystander’s mind? How does a bystander affect their surroundings? The Oxford English Dictionary defines a bystander to be “A person who sees something that is happening but is not involved.”(Bystander) Under this definition, I can say that everybody has been a bystander at one point in their life, but that’s not necessarily a bad thing. This definition considers you to be a bystander if you
This essay will ‘compare and contrast’ two approaches made in investigating the ‘bystander effect’. It will discuss in some depth as to what exactly is meant by the bystander effect, illustrating when this concept was first shown and why. An outline will be made of the different methods used, those being experiments and discourse analysis, explaining each one in turn, within the framework of two cases. The first being the murder of ‘Catherine Genovese,’ 1964.and the second ‘James Bulger’ 1993. The essay will then show examples of the differences and similarities between each method. Concluding with a summary of findings into the two approaches to investigating the Bystander Effect.
The bystander effect, is a “social psychological phenomenon that refers to cases in which individuals do not offer any means of help to a victim when other people are present”(Weiten). Such reactions usually occur when individuals do not want to risk getting involved in the situation. In Chronicles of a Death Foretold, even though the townspeople do not desire the murder of Santiago Nasar,their unwillingness or lack of courage to take action in preventing this “foretold murder” consequently allows for the murder to happen. The idea of disturbing the status-quo and risk of involvement overshadows the Sucré citizens’ moral values. Even though a scale of individual willingness to avert the crime is presented such as Colonel Lazaro Aponte’s fulfilling his duty ,Clotilde Armenta’s multiple attempts and Father Armando’s total indifference; none of the townspeople want to be directly implicated in the matter.
During the Battle of Endor, Han leads a team on Endor. He and his team battle many Stormtroopers with the help of some small native creatures, called Ewoks. Han, his team, and the Ewoks ultimately defeat the Empire’s troops and destroy the shield generators protecting the second Death Star. This is where Lando comes in. Lando leads the Gold fleet into the Death Star in an attempt to launch a torpedo into the main reactor. After many failed attempts, Lando fires the shot that destroys the Death Star and leads to the end of the Empire, making both Han and Lando heroes.
Vader took out his lightsaber and force hopped to the platform of which Ahsoka was standing on. She ignited her duel lightsabers, and launched at Vader. There swords of energy clashed and vibrated. Both could feel the heat of their weapons, as hot as a distant, burning star. Vader swung at Ahsoka, who dodged the attack with incredible reflexes and
Bystander intervention describes the act of an individual stepping in to stop a violent activity, in which someone or something is being victimized. Bystander intervention has been well studied, in a variety of settings and situations. The first research on this subject was done by Latané and Darley (1968), who found that bystanders were less likely to intervene during emergencies when they were in a group, than when they were alone. Much of the modern research looks at bystander intervention in situations of sexual violence, particularly that which occurs among people on college campuses.
I agree with Miles Lehrman when he said that “A perpetrator is not the most dangerous enemy” because they're not worse than the perpetrator who watched everything that happened and didn't say anything it didn't want nothing to do with what was going on. In my own opinion, I feel as that the person that watched what happened which is the perpetrator is bad as the bystander because they could do the same thing the bystander do.
The bystander doesn’t care about the victim get beat up or taunted at. Put your self’s in their shoes and see how bad
Another common response exhibited by bystanders that would fall into the category of diffusion of responsibility would be indirect intervention. Indirect intervention is when someone notices a crime is happening and feels some responsibility to do something, but simply feels that they do not want to handle the situation for a number of reasons so they choose to tell someone else about it (Goodstein, and Shotland 1984). This gives the bystander the ability to convince themselves that they did do “something” to get the victim help. A number of studies have been done, not only to prove this concept of defused responsibility, but also to understand it. One such study is, “Exploring Bystander Presence and intervention in Nonfatal Violent Crimes.” This study, done by Miethe and Hart, found that bystanders were present at 65% of violent crimes, 68% of physical attacks, 49% of robberies and 28% of sex crimes, yet sex crimes have the highest rate of being reported by a bystander (2008). This is somewhat confusing, but is thought by many scholars to be the case because when less people are around the ones that are present feel a greater responsibility to do something about
The authors in “When Will People Help in a Crisis?” study various scenarios of emergencies, such as Eleanor Bradley breaking her leg, and the gruesome murders of Kitty Genovese and Andrew Mormille. All of the examples included within the content occurred in public. Witnesses were at these specific emergencies, along with multiple others throughout the world. However, these witnesses were only capable of calling the cops and staring out of their windows from afar with a helpless expression. They
2) A simpler definition of bystander effect is to break down the word actually- a person who stands by with no effect. An example of the bystander effect is always seen with correlation to bullying or fights because you never see a very bold person run quickly to diffuse the situation. There is a bold person every so often but it is not common enough. I have personally seen the bystander effect with a previous friend of mine. The girls name is Gwendolyn, she was a smart young lady but everyone thought she was weird because Gwen was outgoing and crazily fun. I was always around Gwen because we were basically the same type of fun but others would always bother her for no reason. One day a group of girls began to yell and argue with Gwendolyn
although Obi-wan died in the end. This was my favorite part in the movie because this fight gave more inspiration to
example, if someone is visibly bleeding on the floor, a witness could choose to be a bystander or