State The Research Question That Your Group Is Seeking

The criminal justice system is a set of organizations and procedures set up by governments to control wrongdoing and force punishments on the individuals who disregard the laws. The main frameworks are state and federal. The state criminal justice systems handle wrongdoings perpetrated inside their state limits and government, the federal criminal system handles violations carried out on federal property or in more than one state. This system is supposed to be equal yet the nature of offenses, differential policing policies and practices, sentencing laws and biases are possible contributors to disparities in the system. The severity of the offense, prior record, age and education level are also taking into account when a decision is being made. Our prison system today varies immensely with ascending numbers of minority groups jailed within the system. Racial and ethnic imbalances continue in the United States and no disparity is more evident than that found in the criminal justice system. Disparity usually refers to a difference that is unfair, disparity in the criminal justice system stems from racial disparity which concludes that the proportion of a racial ethnic group within the control of the system is greater than the population of that group outside that control.

This paper discusses three critical issues in the criminal justice system. It touches on the general issues of punishment philosophies, sentence decision making, and prison overcrowding and focused more specifically on the negative effects of each. Highlighted in this informational paper is the interrelated nature of the issues; each issue affects and is affected by the others. Data and information has been gathered from the FBI Uniform Crime Report, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, Amnesty International, the NAACP Legal Defense

Laws and policies are written in different aspects of the criminal justice system. Some of these policies are written within the federal government and some are written on a smaller scale in the state government. The two seem rather simple to understand on the surface. The federal government handles the entire United States whereas the state government handles just what it says and that is within that specific state, such as New Jersey (N.J.). The following paper will contain information which will compare and contrast the policies written from both types of governments and how they relate to the criminal justice system. There will be information on how these policies have been developed and how they are implemented. Some

In society today there are more criminals in the boundaries of the state prison system than there are in the federal prison system. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics (2009) the United States state prison system has 1,405,622 within their jurisdiction; whereas, the United States federal prison system has 208,118 within their jurisdiction. The reason that the federal prison system has only 208,118 within their jurisdiction is that this system only deals with “the body of law consisting

Today, more than 2 million Americans are incarcerated in either a state facility, federal correctional facility or a local installation (Batey,2002). Due to longer sentences, incorporating harsh sentencing guidelines, and mandatory minimum punishments (NeSmith,2015). With each inmate costing taxpayers an average of $30,000 annually. The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 were increased sentences for a broad range of offenses, as well as establishing federal penalties for most murders and a large number of other crimes already subject to state law (Batey,2002). In addition to reducing the discretion of state judicial systems; as well as 85 percent of sentence satisfaction and establishing a mandatory life sentence for those convicted of three serious violent crimes or drug offenses (NeSmith,2015). .

There are some limitations to the use of UCR data is the fact that crimes that aren’t reported to the police are not taken into consideration. This is commonly known as the “dark figure of crime”. Another limitation that the data contains is the hierarchy rule which takes place when an incident that contains multiple offenses labels the most serious crime and is tallied only once. For example, if a crime involving motor vehicle theft and murder were committed in one incident then only motor vehicle theft would be reported. Regardless, three strikes laws should be shown affecting the rates of crimes that are reported. The UCR has been in place for over 70 years allowing us to extend previous research dating from 1980 to 2010. Drawing data from the interrupted time series design can be done by considering the average rates of crime before and after the implementation of three strikes laws and comparing them. Benefits of using this method allows certain variables within the state to affect both of the groups being compared. Maturation could be a potential variable that would affect the outcome of the results. Creating a previous trend of crime from the pretest group allows us to control

Criminal Justice is a science that uses facts, experience, and opinions to develop standards that help shape the decision-making process. Legal empirical researchers are using statistical analysis to categorize crime data. Combining both data and legal analysis, this concept led to a new movement of a development of law. Statistics show there are 2.3 million incarcerated in correctional facilities in the United States. At the State and Federal prison systems, one in five prisoners is incarcerated for a drug offense (Peter Wagner). Maryland has more than 20,000 inmates, 58% were for nonviolent offenses, costing the state close to 1 billion dollars per year. On average one inmate costs the state over 37,000 dollars

THE NEED FOR EXTREME CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM IN CALIFORNIA ORIENTATION FACTORS: I.     Basic Introduction and description - Introduce basic sides of Criminal Law and Elaborate II.     General History and Development      - Discuss the history and modifications of Reform Laws in California III.     Main Problems and Concern Stimulants      - Point out real life statistics and point out incidents IV.     Conclusion      - Point out the need for an extreme reform and what can be done SENTENCE OUTLINE I. An analysis of Department of Corrections data by the Center

In some states, citizens elect their judges based on their views of the death penalty. Enns states, “citizen preferences can directly influence the incarceration rate through ballot initiatives and indirectly through the behavior of legislators” (Enns 2014, 859). Judges and police officers want to be respected, so they tend to listen to public opinion on certain matters. The way the public reacts to crime and imprisonment of criminals is related to how it affects them personally. In recent cases, such as Ferguson, the public has had a large amount of influence (mostly negative) on what happens during the time of the verdict and after. For instance, in the United States political system citizens from certain states can use ballots to directly influence incarceration rates by voting for certain laws to be put into place. “…Citizens have enacted “three strikes laws,” which impose mandatory minimum sentences on repeat offenders” (Enns 2014, 859). This in turn can influence neighboring states to do the same, which leads to a domino effect of citizen’s influence on the incarceration rates. However, budgetary appropriations play a vital role in the amount of people who are incarcerated. If the budget has room, or the budget quota has not been met, then there is room for more people to be

I am responsible for reviewing and interpreting quasi-experimental outcome evaluation results to assess the effectiveness of state funded programs administered through the Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act (JJCPA). I use Excel to recalculate the results for program participants and reference groups to determine the accuracy of information provided in the counties’ progress reports. After validating program results, the data is exported from Access and then import into SPSS. Using SPSS, new variables are created and some variables for data analysis. In addition to cleaning and formatting data, paired samples T-tests are ran to compare measures by group differences across 56 counties.

Judges on Trial: A Reexamination of Judicial Race and Gender Effects Across Modes of Conviction

Central Idea: Homicide rates are lower in non-death penalty states when compared to states with the death penalty.

When viewing prison rates geographically, there is a noticeable trend of the Criminal Justice System focusing on localized communities. These local communities in which law enforcement is concentrate are known as “hot spots”. While the concept of “hot spots” in fighting crime is acknowledge, the consequences of localized focused crime fighting is not. It is important to note that people who live in these “hot spots” experience incarceration at a much higher rate, than most other communities around the country. In this sense, mass incarceration is a localized phenomenon that follow determines “hot spots” by key characteristics. “Hot spots” are communities with sever poverty, high unemployment, broken families, and are home to one predominant

The incarceration data within this paper comes from the U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. The data used from this source is from 2014 and was published in 2015. The data states the numbers of Prisoners under jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, on December 31, in 2014. This was collected from the National Prisoner Statistics (NPS) program. NPS collects annual data from each state Department of Corrections (DOC) and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP). To understand the meaning of incarceration, as it is stated within this paper, it’s important to understand jurisdiction. Jurisdiction within this paper refers to the legal authority of the state or federal correctional officials over a prisoner. Jurisdiction within this paper counts prisoners regardless of where the prisoners are being held. The data is a total between jail and prison populations. The data within this paper only includes prisoners 18 and older; the juvenile system is not included. The data also does not include inmates held in nonsecure privately operated community corrections facilities. Other terms important to break down to better understand the data

The court system, the corrections system and law enforcement authorities have to work as partners to make this a reality. Time in jail is appropriate for violent offenders; however, less serious offenders who commit non-violent crimes are better served by community based corrections program such as parole and probation. Money needs to be redirected as an investment into public safety by allocating enough dollars for both the prison system and the community-based corrections system. Community-corrections is guided by the viewpoint that it is a partnership between social services and law enforcement (The Pew Charitable Trusts, 2009). The “1 in 31” report by The Pew Charitable Trust set up this framework for an effective corrections system in the 21st century: 1) sort offenders by risk to public safety, 2) base intervention programs on science, 3) harness technology, 4) impose swift and certain sanctions, 5) create incentives for success and, 6) measure progress. States that have implemented policies that reflect these guidelines include Arizona, Kansas, Hawaii, Florida and many