Statistical Analysis On The Rate Of Cytoplasmic Streaming

Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to calculate the amount of time that was spent by a cell in each of the phases of mitosis. Also, it is used to be able to compare the process of mitosis between plant and animal cells.

This experiment will use Elodea plant cells as the research object. Three different tests will be performed to examine how Elodea plant cell would respond in solutions with different osmolarity, and to find out which

Tetrahymena in the 5% ink showed a higher stained vacuole count that those in 1% ink. This supported our hypothesis that the Tetahymena in a higher concentration of ink would show more staining, because there is more ink around for them to consume. Differing results were found in a similar experiment by Bazzone (2000), as cells in a higher ink concentration showed fewer vacuoles than those at a lower ink concentration. This experiment followed the same procedure, but expanded the ink concentrations to include 10% ink and examined cells at the timepoints 2, 10, 20, and 30 minutes (Bazzone, 2000). This study did not find an explanation for why these results occurred (Bazzone, 2000). Since our numbers of vacuoles of 1% and 5% ink were nearly identical for each time period, it is possible that if we repeated the experiment and counted more

The objective of this experiment is to develop an understanding of the molecular basis of diffusion and osmosis and its physiological importance. Students will analyze how solute size and concentration affect diffusion across semi-permeable membranes and how these processes affect water potential. Students will also calculate water potential of plant cells.

Multi cellular organisms have a much smaller surface area to volume ratio. Many of their cells are not in contact with their surroundings so they con not only rely on diffusion to supply all their organs with oxygen and nutrients, as the distance from their surface to all cells is too fare. We are multi cellular and have special surface for gaseous exchange and for obtaining nutrients. However Single celled organisms are small, which means that their surface area is large compared with their volume; they have a large surface area to volume ratio. Therefore they can obtain substances by diffusion through their relatively large plasma membrane. These substances have to diffuse only short distance so can diffuse at a faster rate and meet the organism’s

PC3 (8×104  cells/well) and LNCaP (3×105  cells/well) cells were seeded in 6-well plates in 1.5  mL of complete growth media. Cells were treated with 2.5 μM of free sorafenib or an equivalent sorafenib concentration of SMA-Sor, 3 μM of free nilotinib or an equivalent nilotinib concentration of SMA-Nilo, DMSO or SMA for 48  h. Cell cycle distribution was assessed using propidium iodide staining, as previously described {Somers-Edgar, 2011 #82}. Samples were analysed using a FACScalibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) and the proportion of cells in each of G0/G1-, S- and G2/M-phases were determined using CellQuest Pro software (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA).

Many molecules and hydrocarbons diffuse down the concentration gradient, moving from a high concentration to a low concentration. Without diffusion, osmosis cannot occur, osmosis is diffusion of water. During osmosis in animal and plant cells, tonicity, ability to cause a cell to gain or lose water, causes three different solutions, isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. The purpose of the experiment

10. What structural modification of certain tubule cells enhances their ability to reabsorb substances from the filtrate?

*Purpose-How do surface area and cell size affect the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane?

The purpose of this lab being performed is for one to determine the normal osmolarity of our fluids, and how the different concentration solutes has an impact on the red blood cells shape. Depending on the solution being used the cell can either, swell up, crenate, burst, or keep its shape. Depending on the osmolarity of a cells interstitial fluid, the cell might change its tonicity if osmosis occurs. Osmolarity is the concentration of ions in a one-liter solution. We will be able to determine what solutions causes change in shape and tonicity by the different types of solutions we have by changing the extracellular fluid concentration of the solutes in the red blood cells. We will place the red blood cells in a 5% hypertonic solution, hypotonic

15 cell lines were acquired for the purpose of this experiment. Process of subcellular compartment fractionation was performed on these cell lines, this included complete cells, nucleus and cytosol (seen in

The dialysis tube was submerged in a beaker filled with water. Both dialysis tubes were rinsed by distilled H2O before placing them inside and left the cell model aside for one hour.

Motility is present even in the absence of a stimulus, if the organism contains flagella or pseudopodia (14). However, if the cells are exposed to a gradient of chemoattractant or chemorepellent, their motility is biased toward or away from higher concentrations of that stimulus (14). When Dictyostelium are exposed to various cAMP concentrations, more pseudopodia are formed and are extended towards the areas of high cAMP concentrations (14). This process is mirrored by neutrophils, which extend pseudopodia rhythmically towards positive chemotactic stimuli

from the University of California, and Allen G. Marr studied the effect of light intensity on the formation of intracytoplasmic membrane in Rhodospirillum rubrum. Cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum that were grown at low light intensity were found to contain much more internal membrane than cells grown at high light intensity. These highly purified membranes, known as chromatophores, grow at low to moderate light intensity and had a constant content of chlorophyll. The regulation of the chlorophyll content in the cell depends upon the formation of greater or lesser amounts of membrane which has a constant concentration of chlorophyll (HOLT SC,

reinhardtii grown cells at high nitrogen appeared smaller in area, darker in colour, less granular in appearance and more numerous, than those grown at low nitrogen. Although, many of those grown at low nitrogen concentrations appeared to have damage to the flagella; this was not the case with the high nitrogen strain.