Steinberg's Two Factors Theory On Work Motivation

Job satisfaction: ensuring that employees are supported and feel confident in undertaking their duties; providing task variety and achievable targets to promote fulfilment

Organizations that are serious about making improvements are going to have to deal with the issue of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction can be best described as the positive feeling that an individual has about their job resulting from an evaluation of the job’s characteristics (Robbins & Judge, 2009, p.31). It would seem natural to think that job satisfaction would have a positive correlation with successful organizations. What impact does job satisfaction have on an organization? Research will show that there are not only internal effects from performance related issues, but also external effects that impact customer satisfaction.

In this study, job satisfaction will be operationalized using selected items from the 18-item Index of Job Satisfaction (IJS) developed by Brayfield & Rothe (1951). A 5-point Likert scale will be used to measure the outcomes ranging from the lowest indication of job satisfaction as 1 (strongly disagree) to the highest indication of job satisfaction 5 (strongly agree). This will

This theory only offers simple overview, as first step of the job satisfaction’s analysis. However, deeper analysis is required when the managers want a better understanding.

When a person comes to work each day, they are required to perform their job duties to the best of their ability. However, how a person performs these duties each day depends on how much they like or dislike their occupation. Job satisfaction affects job performance and turnover rates. “Job satisfaction essentially reflects the extent to which an individual likes his or her job. Formally defined, job satisfaction is an effective or emotional response toward various facets on one’s job (Kinicki & Fugate, 2016, pg. 57).” It is possible a person only likes part of his or her job though. Job satisfaction has five predominant models. These models are: was need fulfillment met, are expectations met, values, equity (fairness), and dispositional/ genetic components. Job satisfaction also affects attitudes and

Job satisfaction comes from the attitude that employees have towards their work. There is a close relationship between the degree of satisfaction and the motivation level of employees. Explaining that if there is a lack of motivation in the workplace, it is likely due to a lack

Job satisfaction is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences. It has been treated both as a general attitude and satisfaction with five specific dimensions of the job: pay, the work itself, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers. Challenging work, valued rewards, opportunities for advancement, competent supervision, and supportive coworkers are dimensions of the job that can lead to satisfaction (Nelson & Quick, 2013, pg.

Nowadays, organizations’ results are heavily dependent on employees’ work motivation: motivation is the key to achieve high levels of performance, it makes employees put effort into their work, be engaged and achieve results.

Many researchers (Chyung, 2007) agree that job satisfaction influences directly employees’ performance. Moreover, some researchers (Feder, 2000) believe that the higher job satisfaction is the more motivated employees are and, therefore, the more effectively they work. In such a way, the close relationship between job satisfaction and employees’ performance is obvious. At the same time, the development of view on job satisfaction as the key factor of a positive employees’ performance was accompanied by numerous debates and contradictions in terms of the development of the management theory. One of the major reason for the dispute was the belief that job satisfaction can be reached through the creation of positive workplace environment, whereas, on the other hand, some researchers (Feder, 2000) argued that motivation of employees is more important for job satisfaction than positive workplace environment. Many management theories emerged and offered different views on job satisfaction and the ways which help to achieve job satisfaction.

Employee satisfaction can be taken as a summation of employee’s feelings in six important areas. The most likely workplace determinants of employee satisfaction are whether the employee (1) finds the job interesting; (2) has good relationships with management; (3) has a high income; (4) can work independently; (5) has good advancement opportunities and; (6) has good relations with colleagues.

Job satisfaction can be defined as an attitude or feeling one can have toward ones job. Job satisfaction is "the extent to which people like (satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) in their jobs. (Spector 1997) One of the biggest studies in job satisfaction was the Hawthorne studies which were credited to Elton Mayo in the year's nineteen twenty-four to nineteen fifty-three. Elton

Employees who are satisfied with what they do always tend to establish a desirable work environment, they also prove to be more productive and efficient, and this always results to greater profit, employee retention as well as customer satisfaction. It is important for managers and executives to understand job satisfaction, whatever creates it, the manner in which it should be fixed and the way of managing it. In job satisfaction there are organizational behavioral concerns that relate to it, for example, turnover, absenteeism, customer satisfaction, and workplace deviance and organization citizenship behavior.

Job satisfaction is the very important factor in general quality of life because it is closely connected with working life (e.g. Argyle, 1989; Bang & Lee, 2006), with family life, everyday life, and mental health (Orpen, 1978; Schmitt and Bedeian, 1982; Faragher, Cass & Cooper, 2005). Level of job satisfaction is also highly related to turnover, absenteeism rate, work productivity or accomplishment (Muchinsky, 1977; Organ, 1977). Many researchers (e.g. Cherrington, 1994; Acorn, Ratner & Crawford, 1997; Ostroff, 1992; Spector, 1997) state that employees who experience high job satisfaction contribute to organisational commitment, job involvement, their physical, mental health and overall well-being are improved. Job dissatisfaction on the

Additionally, Locke (1976) defined job satisfaction as “a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences” Besides, Davis and Nestrom (1985), defined job satisfaction as “combination of positive or negative feelings that workers have towards their work, which is closely linked to individual’s behavior in the work.” Furthermore, according to Smith, Kendall, and Hulin (as cited in Cook, 2008) job satisfaction has been defined as “feelings or affective responses to facets of the (workplace) situation”.

Job satisfaction has been defined as a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job;[1] an affective reaction to one’s job;[2] and an attitude towards one’s job.[3] Weiss (2002) has argued that job satisfaction is an attitude but points out that researchers should clearly distinguish the objects of cognitive evaluation which are affect (emotion), beliefs and behaviours.[4] This definition suggests that we form attitudes towards our jobs by taking into account our feelings, our beliefs, and our behaviors.