Stem Cells and the Ethics behind their Use
Stem cells have the capability to become any type of cell. This process is possible because they are unspecialized and can divide to create new cells through cell division. Stem cells have the ability to become skin cells as well as organ cells (Stem Cell Information, 2015). There are two different types of stem cells which can be used in various ways. The first of the two is the embryonic stem cell which is found inside the embryo within its first few days (Embryonic Stem Cells, 2015). The embryonic stem cell is found in the inner mass of cells of the embryo in its earliest stage. It can be used for many different experiments most involving research to cure diseases of the heart and nervous system (Embryonic Stem Cells, 2015). The second is the adult stem cell which can be found in most tissues and organs. An adult stem cell’s main job in the body is to repair and maintain the cells that they were found with. There are many applications for stem cell research including human development, toxicology, and transplantation medicine, however, are the methods of gaining these cells ethical? Human development research refers to pregnancy loss in young and older women. The embryonic stem cell can be used to determine developmental issues that can arise during pregnancy. For instance, genes are known to be turned on and off during development (Stem Cell Information, 2015). When this is done at the wrong time it can lead to abnormal growth
This is the way it is because in order to obtain an embryonic stem cell, the embryo has to be destroyed. This means destroying a potential human life. But, embryonic stem cell research could very well lead to the discovery of new medical treatments that would relieve many people of their pain and discomfort and restore their health. Some people say that although an embryo does not currently have any characteristics of a person, it will eventually evolve into a person and should be given the respect and dignity of one. Others argue
Stem cell research is often at the forefront of heated ethical debates due to its assessment of human life. If stem cell research cannot be ethically defended, then it should not be conducted. “You cannot defend a study ethically unless the presumed cost is lower than expected benefits. The cost-benefit analysis of scientific research needs to include human/animal discomfort/risks, environmental issues, material costs, etc” which is necessary to support the positive outcome which the research claims to provide (experiment-resources, 2008).
“...neurons of the peripheral nervous system have a greater ability to regenerate. However...this is often both incomplete and inadequate.” (Kulraj et al, 2016)
Throughout the course of history, healthcare advancements have been some of the most important events to happen to the human race. Whether it was the invention of the first stethoscope or the first vaccine for polio, these findings have helped lengthen and improve human life, as well as aid scientists in better understanding humans as a species. In recent years, embryonic stem cells have been discovered to offer a variety of benefits to many different diseases and disorders. However, despite their amazing potential, the source of these lifesaving cells have brought up the question of ethics and morals in the scientific and medical communities as well as mainstream media. Is stem cell research worth the dangers and moral controversies in
Imagine a world where various cancers could be cured. Imagine a world where genetic diseases could be cured. Imagine a world where Parkinson's, juvenile diabetes, spinal cord injuries, and blindness could be cured. Such a world may seem unrealistic, but the answer to these diseases may be closer than they appear; stem cell research. Stem cell research and its funding have caused enormous controversy over the past decade. It has produced differences of opinion from both ethical and legal views, causing some countries such as the European Union to legalize SCR while other, like the United States, have laws prohibiting it. However, the US government should legalize
Many of the ethical debates about embryonic stem cells involve when a human being is actually defined as a human. Embryonic stem cells can be taken from the blastocyst, a very early stage of development that is a hollow ball with about 150-200 cells and is barely visible to the naked eye. According to the 2010 statistics of the World Health Organization, worldwide 5.7 million people die of Alzheimer’s disease, and 10 million people die of Parkinson’s disease each year. Both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are currently incurable, but with the use of stem cells, scientists can find a cure for many diseases across the country. If scientists can sacrifice something for the greater good of mankind,
There is little argument against using adult stem cells because when used, a donor consents to donate their cells. However, there are many arguments against using embryonic stem cells because these come from embryos, one of the earliest stages of a baby. There are those who fight against it because they believe that embryos have the same rights as every other human being and should not be used for this. Some feel very strongly because while taking the cells from it, the embryo is destroyed. However, the other side to the argument is that stem cells from these embryos can be used to help save many others from death. One can see how hard it is to decide what to choose because either way, there is a death and a life on the line. This also makes it hard for researchers to get funding to continue researching. However, technological advancements may help to prevent any more disagreements by erasing the notion of using embryos at all. There is hope that there is a certain way that extracting stem cells from the embryo may not harm it at all. It also may be possible to use adult stem cells in place of the embryo cells (Levine and Miller
“While we must devote enormous energy to conquering disease, it is equally important that we pay attention to the moral concerns raised by the new frontier of human embryo stem cell research. Even the most noble ends do not justify any means.” This quote comes from former president George W. Bush during a radio conference where he discussed his decision to allow federal funds to be used for stem cell research only in cases where the embryos were not harmed. While still in the beginning stage of exploration, stem cell research, and more specifically embryonic stem cell research, has become a topic of great debate. The ethics and procedures involved have come into question not only by the Catholic Church, but also by many citizens and even our presidents. The morality of this new scientific development lies in the way these stem cells are obtained. For scientists to acquire embryonic stem cells they must be removed from a destroyed embryo. For some this is just a small obstacle or nuisance in technicalities as to what a human being is, while for other it is seen as murder and the taking of a life before it even had a chance. Another reason the use of embryos is frowned upon is because of the alternate and successfully proven approach of using somatic stem cells, which do not require any human life to be harmed. The Catholic Church, being an institution of God and supporting all life, for obvious reasons cannot be a supporter of embryonic stem cell research because of the
Embryonic stem cell research and use is a scientific advancement that could change medical history. There are two types of stem cell research, adult stem cells, and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells receive a very negative connotation in society, and there are many misconceptions about the process and the ethics of embryonic stem cell research. A large majority of society immediately assume that it is the use of aborted embryos because of the word embryonic, and adult stem cells are not as effective as embryonic. However, this is not the case. Embryonic stem cell research is in progress to help cure and reduce the effects of very fatal and harmful diseases that take many of societies precious lives. If research continues to
What if millions of Americans could have their lives changed for the better? This could be a reality if human embryonic stem cells research (HESC) was regulated and funded by the government. The reason for the lack of human trials is that many believe the use of stem cells is unethical. This combined with the fact that the process is extremely expensive, and it goes against many people’s religious or morals beliefs. Thankfully, under President Obama, the restrictions formally placed on the research have been reduced resulting in many scientific breakthroughs. For example, it is believed that diseases such as Parkinson 's, heart problems and even spinal cord injuries could be better treated or completely
Stem cells were first discovered during an experiment with mice in 1981 ("Stem Cell Information"). Scientists extracted stem cells from embryonic mice, which led to the discovery of vitro-fertilization in 1998. Virto fertilization is used to conceive a child in a laboratory, for parents who cannot conceive naturally. The fertilized egg is then implanted inside a mother's uterus and a child begins to form. Without the discovery of stem cells, this process might not have been able to give parents the children they have always wanted ("Stem cells: What they are and what they do"). However, this is causing some controversy in today's society. Embryonic stem cells are obtained from embryos not placed inside a female. Researchers felt it could harm or even kill the undeveloped child, so they felt the only solution was to grow the fertilized eggs in laboratories. The embryos are grown in labs with consent from their donors. The stem cell obtained from these embryos are being used to benefit burn victims so they could grow healthy skin, people with spinal cord injuries so they could have the chance to walk again and even people with type I diabetes to help produce their own insulin. If these cells are able to be manipulated enough, there might even be a cure for cancer or any other heart breaking diseases wrecking havoc today (Mayo Clinic Staff). Stem cells are also
There are two different types of stem cells that are used in research: embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic “somatic” or “adult” stem cells, (NIH). Embryonic stem cells are derived from human embryos and are usually obtained through the process of in vitro fertilization in a laboratory setting. According to Bevington, embryonic stem cells are left over from attempted fertilization in fertility clinics and are donated to research by the patient with consent, (Bevington 2005). What makes embryonic stem cell research unethical is that the human embryo is destroyed through the research process. Adult stem cells are found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ. The purpose of adult stem cells is to
- Donaldson T., (1989), The Ethics of International Business, The Ruffin Ser ies in Business
The German philosopher, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, referred to a life without music as a mistake (“Don’t”). Unfortunately, many children never get the opportunity to discover the fulfillment that music can bring to their lives. They are denied this chance by an unfair educational system. Music education is beneficial to the student throughout his entire life, thus it should not be cast aside and neglected as it often is in the public school system today, but instead schools should do just the opposite; treat music education as a priority.
Enticingly, the Spanish colonists came to this land with a passionate goal to develop the land and extract its natural resources for their profit. To this day, the Spanish’s action on this land has brought prosperity and has propagated California to be the leading roles in the innovation of new technologies and the production of movies. Despite of having this reputation, people seldom discuss on the origin of the land. When the Spanish came, the Indian are the inhabitants of the land; ruling the land and surviving with all the natural resource. As history is depicted by the victor, the fate of the right owner of the land has always been untold. Their once peaceful time had ceased to continue as the Spanish colonized and stole the land from the Indian. Trickeries and militaries were used by the colonists to exploit the land for their benefits. The Indian population begin to decline as the newcomers were “[gobbling] up native foods and undermined the free or “gentile” tribes efforts to remain economically independent” and the outbreak epidemic of “European diseases” had declined “60% of the population of mission Indians (Castillo). To not disremember the suffering of their people, poems like Indian Cartography by Deborah Miranda and Itch Like Crazy: Resistance by Wendy Rose are composed to capture their heart-breaking moments and to disclose their suffering to the world, but both poems have a different goals: Indian Cartography emphasizes on sympathy; while Itch Like Crazy