Steps Of The Administrative Model Of Decision- Making

This paper looks at the main issues faced by decision makers, analyses them, presents alternatives and makes recommendations based on the analysis.

Decision-making in the workforce is a process of responsibilities used by upper management to implement, enforce rules, regulations, and maintain a successful environment. Decision-making implemented more effectively by making a plan, thinking it through, accepting more than one opinion and determining what is best. However, decision-making often utilized more effectively by opening doors of opportunities for a suggestion, question, discussion, and feedback. Although, more involvement helps improve understanding, utilize behavior skills and present opportunities for better communication. Everyday life consists of decision-making, the right decision may not always be applied, but ensure room for improvement and opportunity. Individuals approached decision-making in many different ways. As stated by (Jones, Graham, & Bateman, 2006) decision making is a procedure used to recognize a problem, weigh the alternatives and evaluate a solution in which, certain situations will require different approaches to become effective.

2.1 Evaluate the decision making models which are used to support decision making 2.2 Identify those to be involved in analysing information and decision making 2.3 Evaluate methods of presenting decisions made

In the problem analysis phase of effective decision making, group members should recognize any obstacle that may arise that needs to be improved or changed and determine the characteristics, magnitude, and possible cause(s) of that obstacle confronting them. This phase lays the groundwork for what the group should be prepared for as they work together (Hirokawa & Salazar, 1999 p. 170).After analyzing the problem, the group should then discuss and establish goals and objectives in order to generate proposed solutions of

She makes the decision to stop investing her economic resources in an unfruitful endeavor and sends Wes to military school. The steps she takes resulting in Wes attending military school depicts the five step decision making model process mentioned in our textbook. The decision making model is an outline of steps an individual uses to recognize a problem and determine appropriate solutions for that problem. The steps to the decision making process model are: Recognizing existing needs, Identifying alternatives to meet those needs, evaluating the alternatives, selecting and implementing those alternatives and reflecting on the resulting outcomes (Moore & Asay,2013,p. 8).

The first step in the process is to identify and define the problem at hand. During this step, all the information is gathered and looked over. This allows for the problem to be clearly identified and hopefully making the whole process easier. Step two of the process is to begin generating possible solutions. In this step, managers can begin formulating one or several potential solutions (Lombardi, Schermerhorn, & Kramer). Before going onto step three, some additional information may be required, because step three is when a plan of action is chosen. In the fourth step, the chosen plan is implemented. It is the responsibility of the manager to make sure this portion goes smoothly. Everyone on the team should know exactly what they should be doing. The final step in the process is to review the results. In reviewing the outcome of the action plan that has been chosen, you may find things that need to be altered and you may find things that are going perfectly. At this point the appropriate changes should be made.

This case was prepared by Associate Professor Marc L. Lipson. It was written as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright  2010 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. All rights reserved. To order copies, send an e-mail to sales@dardenbusinesspublishing.com. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of the Darden School Foundation.

The decision making process can also be divided into seven steps, where the first step will basically involve defining the problem. These steps allow for the main issue to be identified, and therefore the manager should make sure that it has been done correctly. After the problem identification stage, we can move forward and identify the limiting factors, and in this the manager should make use of all resources available to do it the best way. Some of the resources include information, time, personnel, equipment and supplies. Using this, managers can be able to identify the factors that might hinder them from achieving their goals.

First, under this step managers must recognize that a decision is needed and identify the problem to be solved. A problem is typically a difference between the actual situation and what is desired. However, managers often act without understanding the problem to be solved or define the problem in terms of a proposed solution or in terms of its symptoms. For example, in response to employee complaints about salaries being too low (a symptom), managers might define the problem as a comparison of salaries to industry averages (SagePub, 2008). However, the true problem could be that the total compensation package, including benefits, does not suit the demographic characteristics of the firm’s employees.

The first key element of the administrative process is decision making. In the administrative process decision-making is very important because at many points many different large or small decisions are made that affect a lot of different people. Some decisions may be a negative outcome for one group of people, but that same decision could be a positive for another group. That is when decision-making comes into play and the administration needs to make a decision that will benefit a larger majority of the people. Stone states in chapter eleven called Decisions, “For some people decision-making comes easily “I delegate to good people,” George W. Bush said, by way of explaining his decision to veto a popular children’s health insurance bill.”

First step in decision making process is identifying the problems. As McShane and Von Glinow (2000) stated, a problem can be

I choice to use the Seven Step Model of a Decision-Making Model for Resolving Ethical Issues in order to define what is ethical in this case study.

The decision is to select an action among a number of actions that solves a given problem, that prevents a problem from happening, or that forces to apply new ideas for development. The need for understanding decision making process is increasing because the complexity of modern organizations is increasing, and because the modern organizations' effectiveness depends on the decisions made by the managers. The question is how to select the most appropriate action to solve the problem satisfying all stakeholders.

The focus of my term paper is the decision making process used by today's top-level managers. Top-level managers, such as Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), Chief Operations Officers (COOs), and Chief Financial Officers (CFOs), must make critical decisions on a daily basis. Their choices and the resulting outcomes affect the company, the employees, and the stakeholders. Due to the high importance of their decisions, the process they use to reach them merits a close examination.

This case was prepared by Professor Mark E. Haskins, Darden Graduate School of Business Administration, and has benefited from collaborations with various colleagues over the years on earlier versions. It was written as a basis for discussion rather than to illustrate effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright  2012 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. All rights reserved. To order copies, send an e-mail to sales@dardenbusinesspublishing.com. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of the Darden School Foundation. ◊