Stercus Pharyngitis Research Paper

Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A streptococcus (GAS), is a β-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacterium that most commonly causes respiratory disease, including pharyngitis or tonsillitis, as well as skin infections such as impetigo and cellulitis. The organism is transmitted via respiratory droplets or by contact with fomites, and commonly infects young children. In addition to the common clinical presentations associated with S. pyogenes, some individuals develop the postinfectious sequelae of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Due to the severity of these medical consequences, prophylactic antibiotic use is often recommended for any patients with otherwise mild S. pyogenes infections (21).

Some of the more common signs and symptoms of strep throat may include things such as red and swollen tonsils. When a doctor looks at the back of your throat, he may also see pus filled patches on the tonsils. Do to the infection and your body trying to fight it off you may start to run a fever and have headaches. Your Lymph nodes in the neck will feel swollen and you may have difficulty swallowing. In some cases people have had a rash appear as well as fell sick to their stomach. It is likely to have what you perceive to be the signs and symptoms of strep throat and not actually have it.

Strep Throat is an infection of the tonsils and pharynx. Its symptoms include: sore throat, high fever, chills, headache, swollen lymph nodes and trouble swallowing. This disease usually effects school aged children. It is very contagious, and is spread through close contact with those individuals coughing and sneezing. Once strep is identified as the pathogen, with a rapid strep test, the doctor will prescribe a drug in the penicillin family as treatment. Penicillin attacks the cell wall of the bacteria as it is trying to replicate. This decreases the amount of new bacteria forming in the body, giving the immune system time to attack the foreign agent.

Nasal Cavity- its a space within the nose and the skull with the mucus membrane which warms and moisturizes the air you breathe In that’s going in the body by passing through the nostrils before it passes into the nasopharynx, The human nose is divided into two parts the external nose and the internal nasal cavity. There are hair with the cavity that filters out dust, pollen and other foreign particles. Before the air passes into the two passages the nasal cavity.

Diphtheria- thick mucus in the throat causing breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and sometimes death (CDC, 2010).

Bordetella pertussis also known as whooping cough."Gram-negative, aerobic coccobacillus capsulate of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough." This is one of the most common diseases in children, but can affect all ages. In the 1940's there was over 200,000 cases reported. "The bacteria attach to the cilia of the respiratory epithelial cells, produce toxins that paralyze the cilia, and cause inflammation of the respiratory tract, which interferes with the clearing of pulmonary secretions." (https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/disease-specifics.html).

My initial belief was that the child might be exhibiting signs of strep throat. However after the physician was able to perform a rapid Strep test, which produced negative results, I felt it was best to further investigate the symptoms occurring

Our patient has a total of 3 per the modified Centor criteria, providing a positive predictive value of roughly 33% for having strep throat. Treating empirically with antibiotics is not universally recommended unless the (modified) Centor Criteria score is 4 or more. Thus, obtaining a rapid strep test, also known as a rapid antigen detection test (RADT), is strongly recommended, along with a throat culture should the RADT be negative. Infectious mononucleosis, although potentially a diagnosis given the patient’s age, is not likely as fatigue is generally a common complaint and the onset if more insidious. Referring the patient to an Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) physician is premature given there is no urgent need and does not assist the

As you find these signs in your child's health, immediately contact us. It will require the right treatment. Apart from these, if something non-understandable will happen, then also approach us. The fact is that the tonsillitis can be occurred by virus or by the bacteria.

Synopsis: Acute Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is the result of an antigen-antibody reaction where insoluble immune complexes develop and become trapped in glomerular tissue producing swelling and death of capillary cells. APSGN usually occurs after a latent period of one to three weeks following a sore throat or skin infection. It is occurs predominantly in children aged five to seven, and mainly affects boys than girls. The most likely cause of the throat infection in the six-year old child is due by a group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection. The bacteria do not infect the kidney filters; it is the proteins from the blood that and proteins from the bacteria that injure the filers. He does not require treatment, as natural

Though according to the World Health Organization (WHO) diphtheria is fairly easy to diagnose due particularly to the pseudomembrane that often covers the back of the throat (2006), symptoms are not always caused by C. diphtheriae. Instead, they can be caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans. During an outbreak, knowledge of which bacteria is causing the symptoms can lead to different treatment courses and allows for better allocation of resources .A clinical diagnosis of diphtheria with proper identification of the causal agent C. diphtheriae unfortunately requires time. However, when treating an individual for the disease, time is of the essence, and thus multiple symptoms usually lead to a working diagnosis of diphtheria before test results can be obtained, and a treatment course is begun for that individual. Upon visible confirmation of symptoms, sterile swabs are used to acquire samples from the lesions that are common with diphtheria. Necessary sites for sampling include the pharyngeal area, especially the back of the throat and nose, as

Based on the information and symptoms initially given, a wide range of diagnoses are possible. The first that comes to my mind is Strep throat. Streptococcal Pharyngitis will present with low grade fever and sore throat with exudates. Treatment will depend on whether it is viral or bacterial. Mononucleosis was another potential diagnosis. Infectious Mononucleosis will also present with a low grade fever and pharyngitis, and is usually transmitted through saliva. Given Caitlyn’s mom’s suspicions of her sexual promiscuity this could very likely be the problem. Due to that fact of concern, I also considered various sexually

Diphtheria consists of a single protein with a disulfide bond linking two fragments (Henri, 2012). There are two types of diphtheria: clinical diphtheria and respiratory. Classical respiratory diphtheria is characterized by the formation of a gray-white pseudomembrane in the throat that is firmly adherent (Wagner, 2012). Clinical diphtheria is caused by toxin-producing corynebacteria. Diphtheria is related to three species Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, and C. Pseudotuberculosis. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is common of potentially species and is associated with epidemic diphtheria and person-to-person transmission. Corynebacterium diphtheriae has four biovars: gravis, mitis, intermedius, and belfanti The rare Corynebacterium ulcerans is associated with cattle or raw dairy products.

After its incubation period, symptoms occur in different ways depending on body parts the host has infected. The most common body part which the infection occurs is the respiratory tract. The toxin produced by the bacteria will damage the mucous membrane and form a greyish membrane, referred as “pseudomembrane”. Along with sore throat, fever and swollen lymph nodes, it makes the host harder to breathe as the disease progresses. In severe cases, diphtheria can also make hosts to suffocate, causing death. In some rare cases, the hosts might develop mild symptoms or no symptoms and carry their infection without noticing that they are infected with

The bacterium that causes this infection, Corynebacterium diptheriae, is an aerobic bacillus organism that is Gram-positive. Diphtheria is most often found in the respiratory tract, especially in the nasopharynx and the tonsils but in some minor cases it is possible that the disease only affects the skin. The infection is spread through person-to-person contact, typically through airborne droplets or, in the case of cutaneous (skin) Diphtheria, through discharge from skin lesions. The entry and exit of the bacteria typically occurs directly through the respiratory tract but can also pass into the body through the parenteral route (Strelkauskas et al 2010). The infectious dose (ID50) of Diphtheria is still unknown but the lethal dose (LD50) of the toxin is less than 1 μg per kg of body weight, a very potent toxic dose (Public Health Agency of Canada 2012). Once the patient has acquired the infection and their body has begun to produce the toxin, there is only a limited amount of time before the toxin spreads