Society and Culture Secondary Research
Introduction
India and Australia’s Use of Technology
Today, India and Australia’s use of technology is particularly similar. Both countries have access to high speed internet connection, wireless broadband, the latest mobile phones, computers, tablets and televisions. However, access to these technologies is scarce and often unaffordable in rural areas in India, as well as rural areas in Australia. Today, India has 243 million internet users and is the world’s second largest Internet user after China, (Fontevecchia, 2014), while Australia is the world’s 31st largest internet user with 18 million internet users. India now has nearly 74 million Internet users, while in Australia there is 12 million internet
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In order for the native people and the immigrant population to create a peaceful and successful atmosphere, both sides need to develop some sort of intercultural tolerance and understanding of the differences that may exist between them. (Kwintessential, n.d.). Stereotypes are one of the obvious barriers to intercultural communication. Stereotypes can be defined as “the perceptions or beliefs we hold about groups or individuals based on our previously formed opinions or attitudes”. They are made up of bits and pieces of information that we store and use to “make sense” of what goes on around us. (Melbourne, The University of, 2010). Stereotypes can be either positive or negative and as they help us to “make sense” of the world by categorising and classifying people and groups. We may revert to stereotyping, for example, when we are in another country and are faced with people and situations we are not accustomed …show more content…
These stereotypes include prejudices surrounding certain professions Indians may have such as taxi drivers, store owners, computer geeks or doctors. For example, NBC aired an episode of Caroline in the City, where Caroline’s neighbour did not want to see a doctor who wore a turban. (Somani, 2008). This episode perpetuates the image that there may be something wrong with Indian Sikhs, and therefore, this message is communicated into society and can form the basis of stereotypes against Indians and Sihks. Another example of a stereotypical Indian portrayed on television is the character of Apu, from The Simpsons, who is portrayed as a store owner with a thick Indian accent. (Somani, 2008). As The Simpsons is quite popular among adolescence, the character of Apu can form the basis of stereotypes regarding
In contemporary society, the technological advances and the presence of the mass media have significantly contributed to the prevalence of bias, prejudice and stereotypes that surrounds migrant families in Australia. The accrual of such factors in combination with the social challenges, often, experienced by migrant families give rise to biased perspectives, in regards to migrants, refugees and asylum seekers. Moreover, such stereotypes include phrases like “boat people”, “queue jumpers” and “criminals”, even escalating to “terrorists”. Whether or not such stereotypes are the direct result of the ambivalence surrounding the recent series of international terrorist attacks, one cannot be certain, but this factor has undoubtedly contributed to Australia’s perspectives, attitudes and values, regarding migrants in
There are different stereotypes about the Asian Indians. These stereotypes are originated when interact with the Asian Indians. They observe their living style or when they meet them in different places like universities, school, colleges, restaurants and hotels. There are some good as well as bad stereotypes are famous about the Asian Indians. Some common stereotypes of the Americans about the Asian Indians are listed below:
When you think of the Australia you think of how unique it is and how different it is when compared with the rest of the world. But what does it mean to be an Australian. Do you have to fit into the typical stereotype of being a bush ranger or a surfer, no Australians are much more than that. Australia is full of multicularism and diversity then what the rest of the world gives it credit for, which all tributes to the Australian identity.
The increasing accommodations directed toward immigrant culture worries many Americans. Americans fear the special treatment granted to immigrants will affect the unifying force of the country. Today, the trend is toward multiculturalism, diversity and adapting the newcomer, rather than on the newcomer adapting himself or herself to a diverse society (61).
People from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds have some habits that are passed from one generation to another and they cannot chance the character. For the sake of understanding them, it is necessary to prejudge them so that they cannot be discriminated against those issues. For instance, if a new student in the school is Hispanic, it is nice to enquire if they understand English to ensure that they are not left out of any conversation in the classroom. The counter argument might be right, but it is biased. Even if people from a given culture to share beliefs, they should be given a chance to express themselves as individuals.
We live in a culturally diverse society where there are many differences among various racial and ethnic groups. When these different groups come into contact with one another they interact in many different ways. Prejudice and discrimination are key factors in understanding intergroup relationships. Competition, religious ideas, fear of strangers and nationalism are elements that contribute to prejudice. Many expressions of negative prejudicial attitudes, stereotyping and discriminatory behavior can have negative impact on the social relationships between dominant and minority groups. Many prejudices are passed along from child to parent and the influence of television and movies perpetuate demeaning portrayals about specific groups.
Living in the world, we face different kinds of people every day, which means we need to communicate with others and make decisions upon others. Naturally, the attitude and method in dealing with diversity becomes a basic skill for people. It is important to know how to communicate and make decisions in a proper way. Facing diverse people and objects, people usually classify them. The advantage people gain from classification is organizing and making things easier to understand. However, when it comes to communication and decision-making, classification may cause some problems. As the name indicates, the topic of the book goes around stereotype, and it provides the readers a better
Focusing on the tutorial readings, they indicate the fundamental meaning of cultural diversity and the reason why Muslims can be victims of prejudice in society, and they have a great deal to do with the chosen article. “A multi-cultural society for the future” (Grassby, 1973) shows a assumption of Australian multicultural society by the year 2000, and he argues that living together with different ethic groups is much more beneficial for people to understand a variety of history, cultures and ideologies rather than just staying in a simple and individual members’ society, so Australians must avoid a biased and nationalistic view to coexist with many other ethic groups in their society. Moreover, regarding another tutorial reading, “What makes Australia great is mutual respect” (Bowen, 2011) describes Australian’s own way of multiculturalism and their
Intergroup processes refers to how people in either the same, or different groups, behave and relate towards one another (Hogg, 2007). Group identity signifies the relationships that individuals form with each other based on descriptive and demographic characteristics such as race, gender, and religion (Weber, Johnson, & Arceneaux, 2011). Forming such links with similar individuals’ can provide a source of self-esteem, provide solutions to problems, and also enforce norms (Weber, Johnson, & Arceneaux, 2011). However, the relationships that are formed through intergroup processes and group identity, may also rationalise showing derogative behaviour, such as prejudice, towards individuals’ who are not part on the group (Weber, Johnson, & Arceneaux, 2011). Prejudice can be defined as the unfavourable attitudes that individuals’ have in regards to a social group or its individual members (Singh, 2015). Prejudice is often directed towards immigrants, which include any person who has left the country that they were born in, and currently reside in another country, where they are frequently rejected from becoming part of society, and are instead faced with demands that they return to where they came from (Singh, 2015). There are various theories and explanations for why group identity and intergroup processes impact peoples’ prejudice towards immigrants. Such theories and explanations include the social identity theory, realistic conflict theory, belief congruence theory, and the
Comparing and Contrasting Stereotyping and Ethnocentrism: It is common for people to confuse stereotyping and ethnocentrism. Defined by the textbook, Intercultural Communication, "Stereotypes typically refer to membership in social categories-such as sex, race, age, or profession-that are believed to be associated with certain traits and behaviors" (Neuliep, 2018, p. 167, para. 2). Stereotypes are used when one group of people assign or recognize similar characteristics that another group has in common. Stereotypes can be positive or negative depending on the assigned or the assignee.
Studying language and why people stereotype others can help people understand where some of their feelings about language and culture come from and what they can do to avoid stereotyping people (Van Ginneken, 2007). Cultural stereotypes have a big impact on the daily lives of people, especially after a major event that affects a certain group or was created by people in a certain group. For example, one of the biggest stereotyping issues came about after 9/11, when Arabs and Muslims were stereotyped as all being terrorists. Of course that's not the case, but because some of the people in that group did something horrible, many Americans (and others) decided that all people who came from that group were bad and should not be trusted. Culture, language, and even a person's regional accent can create opportunities for stereotyping, but people generally learn their language and culture from other around them, and that makes them unique to their environment and culture - not "bad," but merely different, which provides a learning opportunity.
Stereotypes depicted by these shows have a negative impact; but occasionally, can help us to understand what is right and wrong. Sex, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender orientation, age, religion, etc. are all stereotypes projected in these shows at one time or another. The Simpsons often makes the audience learn from the character’s mistakes with these stereotypes.
Stereotypes have existed since humans first began to roam the planet. Early Australopithecus, the first humans, most likely used stereotypes when deciding their daily task. Stereotypes such as everything are dangerous and want to kill them. Later as Homo sapiens created cities and civilianization’s stereotypes helped evaluate an incoming threat so they could close the city and gather a defense to save not only themselves but everything they worked hard to create from those who would kill them and take the city from them. But modern human’s ability to perceive threats have been clouded by stereotypes base on skin color; to a point where anyone who is different is a threat who needs to be eliminated. A proactive human whose flight or fight response is to fight will sometimes attack this perceived threat without any other information aside from the stereotype. These attacks can sometimes lead to the arrest or death of the “threat” who, in most cases, was an innocent in the wrong place at the wrong time. So while stereotypes where essential to survival in early cultures, modern use of stereotypes have turned to the extremes clouded by hatred of those who are different.
1. We live in a nation once known as a “melting pot,” which attracted people in search of freedom and liberty. The liberties America had, gave people the courage and hope to immigrate here and have a fresh start in life. Today, America is home to 318 million people, but that doesn’t mean we all “melt” into identical versions of each other because prejudice has created a barrier between us. Having dealt with discrimination early on, I know that learning to respect cultural differences can help us overcome this barrier in society. If we gain knowledge of cultural differences, we change our perspective to one of greater respect.
Immigrants and local culture can live together in the society. The adaptation of the local culture for immigrants consists of the integration of events such as customs, religion, and tradition. Events that are transmitted from generation to generation. They work to preserve those traits and customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others. “Conversely, the values and behaviors adopted by descendants of immigrants can shift towards those of the majority population by means of school socialization, the media, and friends from the host culture” (Pailhé, 2015).