Stereotypes: Why People Who Need Government Assistance

Health care has become a form of governmental oppression. There are little to no funding for preventative care as Shipler points out in his scathing review of the bureaucratic nightmare of merely staying healthy enough to go to school if you are poor (Shipler, 2004). America’s private health insurance industry makes it almost impossible for those of lesser financial means to have access to good health insurance (Shipler, 2004). Our economic state makes it impossibly expensive to eat healthy, let alone to practice healthy lifestyle habits that are not taught regularly. In addition, the health care providers themselves and those individuals with forced health care plans are faced with the enormous expenses of crooked insurance adjustors and giant malpractice insurance regimes (Shipler, 2004).

Through interviews with welfare workers and recipients, Hays demonstrates the high costs welfare has had on the moral, economic, physical and mental well-being of poor women and their children due to what she considers to be the conflict between the two opposing aspects of reform: work values and family values. She believes that these conflicting values and the inherent weaknesses in the Act contribute to serious and ongoing problems for welfare recipients.

Everyday in the United States there are families who struggle to make ends meet and struggle to fully provide for their families. Since the 1960s, poverty in the United States has only increased dramatically. It is said that one in six Americans today is living in poverty (What is poverty?). In this book, we learn about different families and their struggles. The information in this book describe instances about welfare, different areas of the population where there are more occurrences of poverty, and a few different families experiences of how they make it day by day to survive. Some of these common organizations that help families that live in poverty may include, food stamps, certain food programs (if

In America, we all have these certain ideas of what it means to be poor. Linda Tirado, having experienced all levels of the lower economic class, in a voice of brutal honesty, takes all the perceived notions of Americans and shatters them to bits. Linda Tirado’s story begins with explaining her introduction to poverty after she dropped out of college and went out on her own. Tirado claimed that she constantly had to work multiple jobs in order to keep up with all the bills, especially the medical bills from her accident, childbirths, illness, and depression. Tirado was in an accident in which the uninsured other driver escaped paying for the jaw surgery she needed, so she found herself not only in constant pain and without teeth, but in serious debt. And so it began, with no car, severe pain, and increasing depression, Tirado’s story continued to struggle down.

On January 12 of this year the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation determined that for a single person household, poverty is considered earning $12,140 or less per year (“Poverty Guidelines”). However, the costs of healthcare are at an all-time high. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid found that in the United States, over three-trillion dollars are spent on health care each year, which equates to over ten-thousand dollars per person each year

The concept of “worthy poor and unworthy poor” subsists within contemporary Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs today. According to the conditions of the English Poor Laws, certain individuals (e.g., widows, children, ill, disabled, etc.) are considered dependent and thus in need of help, whereas others (e.g., lazy, able-bodied adults, etc.) considered voluntarily poor (Stern & Axinn, 2012). Today, each state has their own eligibility requirements for TANF assistance, however most funds are dispersed according to qualifiable needs. For

As of 2008, there are approximately 73.9 million children living in the United States. Of these children more that 5.5 million have some form of mental or physical disability. In addition, 77 percent of uninsured children come from low-income families (CoverTheUninsured.org, 2008). However, Missouri’s population of uninsured children fares much better at almost half the national average or 7.2 percent (Missouri Foundation for Health, 2004). More than 8 million children in America are uninsured. That means 1 out of every 10 does not have any form of health coverage. Racial and ethnic disparities among those uninsured children are dramatic. Most recent data has found that one in 13 White children is uninsured compared to: one in five American Indian children, one in six Latino children, one in nine African American children, one in nine Asian/Pacific Islander children. (Children’s Defense Fund, 2010)

It is not just the poverty-stricken population that can’t afford insurance. The cost of U.S. health care and insurance is out of reach even for those who do not live in what we technically classify as “poverty”. By the 2003 Federal Poverty Guidelines, released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human services, poverty

The rising cost of health care has led companies to stop offering health insurance for employees, and private insurance is often too expensive for people to afford. Many families make too much money to qualify for Medicaid, but are unable to pay for private health insurance. Health care costs in the United States have more than doubled in the last twenty years. Insurance premiums are rising five times faster than wages, and Americans are spending more money on health care than people in any other country. The average amount one person pays per year for health care in the United States is 134 times higher than the average of other industrialized countries (“Health Care Issues”). Even people who have insurance aren’t guaranteed coverage. Many insurance companies find loopholes to avoid paying for expensive medical treatment, leaving people with massive debt from medical bills. Medical bills and illness cause over half of all personal bankruptcies in the United

Within the previous four years, the number of uninsured Americans has jumped to forty five million people. Beginning in the 1980’s, the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) has been trying to fix this problem of health insurance coverage for everyone with a basic reform. The AAFP’s plan imagined every American with insured coverage for necessary improved services that fall between the crucial health benefits and the surprising costs. (Sweeney) They expect by fostering prevention, and early prevention, with early diagnosis with treatment, the program would result in decreased health system costs and increased productivity through healthier lives. The way to achieve health care coverage

In the U.S. “Decreasing the number of uninsured is the number one goal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which provides Medicaid coverage to many low-income individuals” (The Kaiser Family Foundation, 2015, Introduction section). Despite the success of the ACA enrollment of millions of people with health insurance, the most at risk and pressing group of our population is the children. This is a group that needs our attention and their health should be the country’s number one priority. This is a vast difference from Canada, where every child has health care coverage for life because of its Universal Health Care. Bodenheimer and Grumbach (2013) noted that over the years, “reformers in the United States argued for the passage of a national health insurance program, government’s guarantee that every person is insured for basic health care”(p.187). But this effort was not only defeated time and time again, but it was constantly shoved under the rug. It was not until a great effort was pushed by President Obama that we started to see some changes in our health care system. Still a lot of work needs to be done, especially for our children. Stronger measures must be implemented to make sure that every child has an opportunity to live a long and healthy life. This is especially geared towards children living in rural areas, “where access to

When dealing with stereotyping, it isn’t just everyday people within society that are adding to stigmas and biases. The government can often make substantial contributions to stereotypes for society to pick up. When creating threat identifying training, the government tends to allow its programs to rely on existing archetypes of a typically threatening individual. The article that discusses this, “UH­-OH. THE PENTAGON CONSIDERS WELL-­TRAVELED, BROKE INDIAN AMERICAN WOMEN THREATS”, continues to explain how the basis for government employee security is then based on those stereotypical threats. This article relates to the big picture question in that it discusses governmental bias towards certain people and the role it plays in stereotyping.

The absence of low income health care benefits was also a policy affecting the families in the documentary. The health care system has been a historically broken system. People often rely on their employers for affordable health care coverage and companies often don’t offer it, or as we witnessed in the documentary, they cut hours to part time because they don’t want to (or in some cases can’t afford to) shell out the money for employee health insurance. Most people who are working minimum wage jobs, especially part time minimum wage jobs, certainly cannot afford high individual or family health insurance premiums, and hence are not maintaining their health. People earning minimum wage are often living in poverty and there is a direct link between poverty and the uninsured.

It is also clear that there is evidence that shows a great need in improving people of low-socioeconomic status health because the government has been making efforts. However, what have not been addressed are the barriers that people in low-income communities still face even with government resources. Furthermore, it is also clear that the government saw the importance of making sure that low income families had access to health care when they created Medicaid, Medicare, and the Affordable Care Act. While access to health care is also a very important piece to a healthy lifestyle, it also becomes counterproductive when people still continue to have a poor diet and end up having to seek medical help at some point. Giving people the chance to have a better nutrition would also help decrease the number of doctor visits for those who do seek medical attention, and for those who don’t seek medical attention it would at least keep them

The pinpoint cause of poverty is challenging to find. People who live well off and are above the poverty line may be quick to assume that laziness, addiction, and the typical stereotypes are the causes of poverty. Barbara Ehrenreich, a well known writer on social issues, brings attention to the stereotypical ideology at her time, that “poverty was caused, not by low wages or a lack of jobs, but by bad attitudes and faulty lifestyles” (17). Ehrenreich is emphasizing the fact that statements like the one listed, often influence readers to paint inaccurate mental pictures of poverty that continue to shine light on the ideology of stereotypes being the pinpoint cause to poverty. However, there are many other causes that are often overshadowed, leaving some individuals to believe that poverty was wrongfully placed upon them. Examples would include: high rates of unemployment, low paying jobs, race, and health complications. Which are all out of one’s ability to control. There is no control over a lack of jobs and high rates of unemployment, nor the amount of inadequate wages the working poor receive. Greg Kaufmann, an advisor for the Economic Hardship Reporting Project and The Half in Ten campaign, complicates matters further when he writes, “Jobs in the U.S. [were] paying less than $34,000 a year: 50 percent. Jobs in the U.S. [were] paying below the poverty line for a family of four, less than $23,000 annually: 25 percent” (33). Acknowledging Kaufmann’s fact, the amount received for a family of four is fairly close to the yearly salary of a high school graduate, which means, receiving that kind of pay for one man may seem challenging, now imagine caring for the needs of four individuals. To make matters worse, certain families receive that amount of money and carry the burden of paying for