Sternocleidomastoid

1. During exercise: TV will increase. 2. During exercise: IRV will decrease. 3. During exercise: ERV will increase. 4. During exercise: VC will not change. 5. During exercise: TLC will not change.

The muscles’ stretched starting position means that the individual sarcomeres of her muscles have less overlap

The diaphragm separates the chest and the abdomen as well as this it has a large role in breathing. The diaphragm moves down when we breathe in which expands the chest cavity making room for air to enter through the nasal cavity or mouth. When we breathe out the diaphragm moves upwards, forcing the chest cavity to reduce in size and pushing the gases in the lungs up and out of either the nose or mouth.

Task 1: Outline the anatomy and physiology of the human body in relation to the importance of correct moving and positioning of individuals

Q5: In case abdominal muscles are weak, the erector spinae muscles can hyperextend lower back to correct back extension activities. Therefore, the abdominal muscles are weaker than the erector spinae because they tilt the pelvis forward improving the mechanical positioning of the erector spinae. Examples of affected exercises are like squat, military press and dead lifts of which can be corrected by the

The diaphragm's job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity. As the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place. When the diaphragm contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the lungs.

During inspiration, the diaphragm and the surrounding muscles contract. The diaphragm moves down increasing the volume of the chest cavity, and the surrounding muscles pull the rib up to allow further increase in volume. This increase of volume decreases the air pressure in the alveoli

Sometimes when a patient is on the more common form of mechanical ventilation for an extended time or if the patient has undergone respiratory failure, their respiratory muscles have a tendency to become weak. With the use of this biphasic cuirass ventilation method they can have the opportunity to build and strengthen those muscles which, in return, can allow them to be weaned from the ventilator

The main organs of the respiratory system are the lungs – they are the location where the gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The lungs therefore expand when you breathe in, and retract when you breathe out. This is done through the diaphragm – a sheet of muscle that is positioned under the lungs. As one inhales, their diaphragm contracts and moves itself downward, increasing the space for your lungs to expand to. The ribs also move to enlarge the possible area the lungs can expand to. This pressure causes air to be sucked through the body to the lungs. When one exhales, the opposite takes place – the diaphragm moves upwards and returns to normal, allowing the process to happen again.

For shoulder flexion 61% of the variance could be accounted for by the sit-and-reach. A correlation was also found between the modified sit-and-reach test and both the shoulder extension and hip flexion tests. For shoulder extension 33% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach and for hip flexion 22% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach.

The frequent use of accessory muscles can indicate a respiratory problem especially if the patient purses their lips and flare their nostrils when breathing (Publications, 2007).

As we breathe in, the muscles in the chest wall force the thoracic area, ribs and connective muscles to contract and expand the chest. The diaphragm is contracted and moves down as the area inside the chest increases as air enters the lungs. The lungs are forced open by this expansion and the pressure inside the lungs becomes enough that it pulls

The adductors as a group are really a powerhouse. They have a lot of combined muscle fibers and through their attachment sites on the pelvis and the femur, significantly influence the body’s alignment. Because they originate and have such a presence on the pelvis, shortened adductors will influence the tilt and transverse rotation of the pelvis. The thorax is intimately connected and sometimes anchored to the pelvis through muscles such as the Quadratus Lumborum, the Rectus Abdominis and the Transverse, Internal and External Obliques. Any shift in the pelvis toward neutrality as a result of bodywork on the adductors will directly affect the muscles that connect the pelvis and the thorax and thus will create space for the thorax to shift

Thoracic muscles involved in forced expiration include the interosseous portion of the internal intercostals, innermost intercostals, transversus thoracis, subcostals, and serratus posterior inferior. The function of the interosseous portion of the internal intercostals and the innermost intercostals is to depress ribs 1-11. The transversus thoracis are found on the inner surface of the rib cage and function to depress the rib cage for forced expiration. Within the inner wall of the thorax the subcostals can be found, functioning to depress the thorax. Contraction of the serratus posterior inferior muscles helps to pull the rib cage down, supporting expiration. Abdominal muscles of expiration include the transversus abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, external oblique abdominis, rectus abdominis, and quadratus lumborum. Of all the anterior abdominal muscles, the transversus abdominis is the deepest and its function is to compress the abdomen. Positioned in between the transversus abdominis and the external oblique abdominis, the internal oblique abdominis rotates and flexes the trunk as well as compresses the abdomen. The most superficial and biggest group of abdominal muscles are the external oblique abdominis. When these muscles contract bilaterally, they flex the vertebral column and compress the abdomen. When they are contracted unilaterally, they rotate the trunk. The rectus abdominis muscles run along the midline of the body and are responsible for flexion of the vertebral

Pay attention to how your ribs return to their original location as you exhale completely.