Steroid Hormones Research Paper

Steroids work as follows. When receptor sites don’t have much testosterone, then get flooded with it, they get activated.

A group of scientists created a synthetic version of testosterone to treat patients who could not produce enough testosterone on their own for normal deveolopment of the body. During World War II scientists discovered that (AAS) could benefit soldiers who were malnourished. The soldiers gained weight back and could perform better than before. Later, when the war ended athletes began to use the snythetic form of testoserone (AAS). In the 1956 Olympics people noticed that Soviet wrestlers performed noticably better than before. Dr. John Zeigler a team physician for the U.S. weightlifting team also noticed how the Soviet athletes performed above average along with other countries athletes and later learned that they had been taking Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS). In 1958, Zeigler created his own form of (AAS) in the form of Methandrostenolone with the help of Ciba Pharmaceutical Company. American athletes swarmed the drug and was only used among Olympic athletes but until the early 1970s (AAS) began spreading to other athletes such as professional and

When used in the correct way there can be the desired results of increased muscle mass, higher athletic performance, and an increased strength. While this is true, even some moderate and correct usage has its negative side-effects. The use of AASs in professional athletes is actually banned in almost every professional sport. In an article written by Josh Hidnok on vpxsports.com, the use of anabolic steroids in the NFL has been banned since 1987 (longer than any other sport), and they are adding more variations of the drugs to the list every year (n.p.). So even the NFL has seen the negative effects of these steroids and banned them with serious consequences of any violator. Another positive effect for a body builder using these steroids is increase in muscle mass. For a professional lifter, this is a great benefit. However, when a user has realized how well the steroid is working they tend to increase the dosage to continue becoming bigger and leaner. Slowly, the AAS user will either become dependent on the steroid or abuse it. Either of these two things can lead to the many negative symptoms described earlier. While it is possible to use AAS in a responsible way, the negatives still outweigh the positives of using this

Many athletes around the world such as Lance Armstrong, Alex Rodriguez and Marion Jones have confided in anabolic-androgenic steroids to gain muscle mass, as well as strength, however, there are countless negative side effects that come along with the need to be buff. Anabolic-androgen steroids are defined as synthetically produced alternatives of the naturally occurring male sex hormone testosterone. Anabolic relates to building muscle, and androgenic relates to amplified male sexual characteristics. While the goals of consuming this drug relates in larger muscle mass and augmented strength, side effects that occur from this lead to long-term effects that sometimes can end up deadly.

Testosterone in the male is produced mainly in the testes and a small amount is

They are also referred to as anabolic, which is used to promote growth in muscle, specifically skeletal muscle, and androgenic, which is the development of male sexual characteristics in males and females. Testosterone is the male sex hormone responsible for developmental changes during puberty, in males. They also hold an androgenic effect, which again is primary/secondary sexual characteristic changes, such as, voice changes, hair growth, genital changes and emotional effects. Testosterone also has an anabolic effect such as muscle, bone, and red blood cell growth. The way anabolic steroids work is by affecting the activation rate of the enzymes involved in protein metabolism. This is used to enhance protein synthesis and decrease the degrading of protein in the muscle, which is called an anti-catabolic

While these effects of performance-enhancing drugs seem desirable, a majority of athletes are unaware of the risks and complications that come with the use of these drugs. Erythropoietin causes the blood to become thicker due to the extra red blood cells. This can lead to an increase in the likelihood of an athlete having a heart attack, stroke, or blockage in the blood vessels. Anabolic steroids have the largest range of side effects. Taking anabolic steroids may lead to severe acne, liver abnormalities, high blood pressure, heart and circulatory problems, increased chances of tendinitis, and aggressive behaviors including rage and violence. Anabolic steroids also have different risks for men and women. Men may develop breasts, shrunken testicles,

The male reproductive system is effect by the cause of oligospermia and azoospermia, decreased the testicular size, abnormal appearance of testicular biopsy material, and reductions in testosterone and gonadotropic hormones. The change in the body seen in the pituitary-gonadal which leads to the suppression of gonadotrophin production. The variations in these hormones can alter thyroid function and negative impact on glucose tolerance. The Abuse of steroids affects the male reproductive be reversible with cessation of steroid that can cause, although breast tissue changes and hair loss. It can lead to surgery needs of an

Numerous competitors appeared to trust they needed to use keeping in mind the end goal to stay aggressive. Those competitors who require mass and quality to be focused, similar to muscle heads, football players, and shotput hurlers, were the first to manhandle anabolic-androgenic steroids. Amid the 1970's interest for anabolic-androgenic steroids developed as competitors in rate subordinate games found a portion of the potential advantages to utilizing anabolic-androgenic steroids. First and foremost, the medications permit competitors to prepare harder on the grounds that muscle strains and tears repair themselves

Overall steroids are illegal, and dangerous, but they are still used by many people. Steroids go straight to the bloodstream, quicker if they are injected. When taken orally they first go through the liver. Basically steroids work like this: "A steroid enters the bloodstream and is carried into the muscle cell by diffusion then it binds to a receptor site. (These are certain areas in a cell that are receptive to free-floating molecules in the blood). The connection formed lets the steroid send a message to the receptor site to have some sort of a metabolic change in the cell. This is primarily increased protein synthesis and nitrogen retention" (Taylor 143-145). This leads to increased size and strength in the muscle cell.

Doping-administer drugs to a racehorse, greyhound, or athlete in order to inhibit or enhance sporting performance.Charles Edwards Brown invented the first ever dose of steroids.Charles Edward used chemicals,and his own sperm.Scientists still question why and how he did it,Edward Charles at the time he was 70 and he said “it made me feel 50 years younger”.

Anabolic steroids are a group of organic compounds and synthetic variants of the male sex hormone testosterone. The proper term for these compounds is anabolic-androgenic steroids (abbreviated AAS)—“anabolic” referring to muscle-building and “androgenic” referring to increased male sexual characteristics (Pope and Brower, 2005). They are synthesized in the body from cholesterol in the Leydig cells in the testes, and in smaller amounts in the adrenal glands of both males and females and in female ovaries (Talih, Fattal and Malone, 2007). Anabolic steroids should not be confused with other types of steroids such as corticosteroids (e.g., cortisone or prednisone), which have no anabolic effects and therefore have little abuse potential (Pope and Brower, 2005; Sheffield-Moore and Urban, 2004).

The term steroids are defined as, "One of a large group of chemical substances classified by a specific carbon structure. Steroids include drugs used to relieve swelling and inflammation, such as prednisone and cortisone; Vitamin D; and some sex hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol (medicine net, The Web)." According to the medical source, "Among them are male and female sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen. Vitamins of the D group are steroids involved in calcium metabolism. Cholesterol is the main building block of steroid hormones in the body; it is also converted into bile salts by the liver (medical dictionary, The Web)." "The first use of steroids to enhance performance in sports has certainly occurred since the time of the original Olympic Games (from 776 to 393 BC). The origin of the word 'doping ' is attributed to the Dutch word "dope," which is a viscous opium juice, the drug of choice of the ancient Greeks. The ancient Greek Olympic athletes also experimented with herbal medications, drank wine potions, used hallucinogens and ate animal hearts or testicles to enhance their performances. Gladiator competitions and chariot racer 's in 100 AD feed their horses substances such as hydromel (an alcoholic beverage made from honey) to make them run faster and gladiators ingest hallucinogens and stimulants such as strychnine to stave off fatigue and injury and to improve the intensity of their fights. In the late 19th century, Vin Mariani; a widely

Transdermal is a skin patch applied once daily. Gels are applied directly to the skin to be absorbed. Dosing is difficult for these and are available in single applications or premeasured pumps. Injections would be delivering the testosterone directly into the body. Pellets can be implanted into the soft tissue for a slow release of testosterone into the body. Side effects of this type of therapy include stimulation growth of the prostate, possible growth of previously existing prostate cancer, skin reactions, shrinking of testicles, limiting sperm production, and over abundant red blood cells which can lead to a heart attack, Pills are available but specialist believe that long term oral delivery of testosterone can impact the liver

Both glands produce two distinct hormones, but produce differing amounts of each hormone. Masculine hormones such as androgens and testosterone are predominately produced by male testes. These hormones at high levels can be related to aggressive behavior regardless of sex, but high levels are most commonly found in males. High levels of feminine hormones or estrogen, most commonly found in females, have recently been linked to aggressive behavior as well. While high levels of estrogen in females and high levels of testosterone in males have been linked to aggressive behavior, normal levels of these hormones have been known to cause aggression as well. Although these hormones have been related to human behavior, scientists have concluded that these hormones alone do not dictate behavior (Morris & Maisto, 2005).