Stimuli Experiment

Procedure: Using distilled water, premeasured containers and objects determine displacement of fluids and density of objects. Use ice and heat measure temperatures in Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin.

B. Anything similar to a one stimulus gets the same response as the other stimulus.

Students will carefully observe acts of aggression and prosocial behavior on television, report their observations, and analyze their data to draw conclusions.

Watson and Rayner set out to substantiate his theory by recruiting a subject, who basically stayed in a hospital attached John Hopkins University, and the conducting an experiment on the chosen infant. Their aim was to classically condition the infant to fear a white laboratory rat. The infant, Albert B. or “Little Albert”, was a physically healthy and emotionally stable 9-month old boy (Watson & Rayner, 1920, p. 1). He was described as a very relaxed baby who hardly ever cried. In the emotional tests, before conditioning, Albert was exposed to a series of objects, which included fire, cotton wool, a monkey, a dog, a white rabbit, a mask with hair, and a white laboratory rat. He had not shown a scared or nervous response toward these neutral stimuli, and particularly adored the white laboratory rat. (chaopret 7, p. 239).

One of the pieces of stimulus material was an excerpt from Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations. In this piece of stimulus material, he broke down the different factors that affected wages and profit in Europe. Adam Smith concluded the best economic solution is a free-market economy where there is little to no government regulation. Moving forward a couple hundred years, in a different piece of stimulus material, Richard Nixon addressed a different idea. In his Address to the Nation on Labor Day, President Nixon presented a new economic philosophy to the American people, the limiting of certain freedoms and increased government regulation on the economy. Since President Nixon’s change in direction on economic policy, President Barack Obama

After the initial observation, Subject N appeared to be quite talkative and fairly distracted during class discussions. In fact, the subject exhibited several fidgety behaviors during the first observed class hour. Such behaviors included playing around with things on his desk and turning around to talk to his friend. Subject N was also wearing a cross country sweatshirt which further influenced me to believe that Subject N is fairly active and can’t sit still for long periods of time. Since I now I had this background knowledge, I decided to include examples of hyperactive behaviors in my ethogram.

The difference between the stimulus and the negative stimulus positive is that the negative stimulus depends on making the person wants to avoid a particular disadvantage, while the positive stimulus depends on making the person trying to get a certain gain. Both methods are for them Astkhaddamathma But stimulus may have a negative side effects, The recurrence passive sentences in the long term may affect in the psyche of the

Many Scientist have done experiments to see if animals have certain ways of communicating with each other and learning. Scientists then were interested to see if the nature has anything to do with the way they learn and communicate. It is interesting enough to understand how animals relate with each other and their ways of learning from one another. In this chapter there are different ways at which scientists looked at the effects of imprinting, the associative learning, and classical conditioning.

Mackintosh (1997) starts his paper with a critique of radical behaviourism. In the 1960s, Pavlovian and Instrumental conditionings were main theories to explain animal and human behaviour. However, with cognitivism coming into the picture, learning theory has dramatically improved. Animal theorists started paying more attention to animal cognition, and nothing but well came from it, as researchers

The Moral Sense Test (http://www.moralsensetest.com/user.php), is comprised of multiple tests, three of which the website uses to complete the surveyed user’s “morality profile.” These three test are quantifying the test-takers levels of morality, disgust, and empathy. Exactly what hypothesis is being tested through building this morality profile, however, cannot be released as the researchers feel it could bias test-takers answers. Before any tests can begin, all users must give consent and answer questions about personal information such as gender and religion so that results may be sorted between different genders and different religions. The first test is disgust, obviously used to determine how easily disgusted the test taker is, consisting of twenty-seven predetermined but randomly selected questions. The questions could be answered on a scale from “does not describe me well” to “neutral” to “describes me very well,” with notches also in between “neutral” and the other two selections. The questions vary between very simply answered questions such as “I would rather eat a piece of fruit than a piece of paper,” to questions that required more thought like “You accidentally touch the ashes of a person who has been cremated.” The level of disgust is determined and weighed against the general public, different genders, and different religions. The same pattern continues with the next two tests, empathy and morality. The empathy test follows the same scale as the test on

The method and procedure used to complete this experiment were 210 student volunteers who were paired in groups going from 1-8 people. All used MediaLab, 2012 which used an Involuntary

The enriched arrangement had many furnishings in the pen while the barren arrangement pen only included a wooden log. All other living and eating conditions not including the type of pen kept in were the same. While living under these conditions, pigs were trained to perform a task in which they were to discriminate between two sounds. One of the sounds was a positive stimulus which indicated that food was going to be presented while the other was a negative stimulus indicating that a bag was fixing to be presented and waved. The pigs were supposed to go to the hatch when given the positive stimulus and not go when given the negative one. Once pigs passed a test showing they could discriminate these two stimuli from each other, they were able to have the ambiguous stimulus, a toy squeak, presented to them. The pigs were presented five trials of the ambiguous stimulus, and they were given the stimulus five times per trial along with five presentations for both the negative and positive stimuli. After their first presentation of the new stimulus, pigs were moved to the pen opposite of their original one, were tested under these new conditions, and then moved again to the type of pen they were originally placed in and given two more presentations. The independent variable in this study was the different types of living conditions, barren and enriched, that the

In this experiment to find out the effect that stimulation has on the brain fuction of young kids/test subjects. The independent variable was the environment that the rats were placed into. Also the ambience of the cages were also altered for the outcome of the experiment. These changes were crucial to the experiment because it symbolizes the different atmospheres a child can grow up in and how the presence of or lack of stimulating objects can affect the child's brain development. The dependent variable which is what was measure was amount of cell growth in the brain of the rats as well as the levels of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase which is located in the brain. This is able to speed up transmission of impulses through brain cells which means that the more of this enzyme found, the more advanced brain function the rat has. Another dependent variable was whether the rat's brain was smooth or if it had more complex folds which

Animal Intelligence Intelligence is defined as the ability to acquire and apply knowledge. Psychologists have exploited this concept in many ways to try and determine whether non-human animals are capable of intelligence. From social learning it is logical to assume that, since non-human animals are able to both acquire and use new behaviours, they must be intelligent in some way. Heyes stated that there are 6 types of behaviour which suggest intelligence. These are imitation, self-recognition, social relationship formation, role-taking, deception and perspective taking.

Comparative psychology is a field in psychology that looks at both human and non human characteristics, it is sometimes called animal psychology. Comparative psychology involves making comparisons between the abilities of different animals with humans being one of those(Hewson et al.,2015, p.68) .Occasionally humans are left out of comparative psychology and Dewbury (2013) refers to this approach as zoological psychology.It is also worth mentioning that research into this can be done in a lab or the animals natural habitat.This essay will look at how research has considered whether human and non-human minds share characteristics and shed light onto the findings from the studies.