Stimulus Generalization

Our understanding of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning has allowed us to unlock many of the answers we sought to learn about human behavior. Classical conditioning is a technique of behavioral training, coined by Ivan Pavlov, which basically states that an organism learns through establishing associations between different events and stimuli. This helps us understand human behavior in an assortment of ways. It makes it clear that almost everything we do is based on patterns of stimulus and response. For example, if you were bitten aggressively by a dog as a child, you may be still scared of dogs today. That is because the dog caused you pain, which in turn caused you have anxiety towards dogs.

A concept is defined as a set of critical properties shared among a number of stimuli. Stimulus equivalence is expressed as: If A=B, and B=C, then

C. How can we improve and lower the achievement gap and help schools meet AYP?

According to the textbook, respondent behaviors are behaviors elicited by prior stimuli and are not affected by their consequences. In other words, respondent behaviors are one’s innate responses to certain situations that they do not have to be taught. These behaviors are not a result of consequences, but are more enacted based on one’s natural reflexes. Tears forming in an individual’s eyes when something sad or tragic occurs is an example of a respondent behavior. Laughing while being tickled is also an example of a respondent behavior.

28.  When we respond to a stimulus as a Creator we are most likely to ____.

The biggest issue with Sherry’s plan to stop grade inflation is that she didn’t account for the fact that there is no universal grading system in the world. Grades are based on a criterion set by a particular teacher, and the teacher is the final person to decide what grade the student receives. An A

___________________ psychologists study how roles, attitudes, relationships, and groups influence people to do things they would not necessarily do on their own

The blind leading the blind exercise allowed my partner and I to guide each other from the Barbara Jordan statue to the Martin Luther King Statue, while one of us was blindfolded and the person who was not blindfolded was leading the way. Before my partner and I completed the exercise I did have a few concerns about completing it due to the harm that could be caused during the exercise. The main concern I had was that my partner would not be paying careful attention to where I was going and I would eventually end up hitting someone or falling. Another one of my concerns was my partner would be very impatient with me and not think about the difficulty of walking with a blindfold on, which could also cause

Yet, contrary results have been found; high levels of latent inhibition have been reported for chronically medicated patients with high levels of negative symptoms (Rascle et al., 2001), particularly when combined with low levels of positive symptoms (Cohen et al., 2004) Recently, contrasting evidence was found in a study investigating schizotypy. Granger at al., (2016) had participants pre-exposed to stimuli, which were letters, they were told to count how many times the letter M appeared. Participants also had to guess when X would be presented as early as possible; X was predicted by both H (novel) and S (pre-exposed). A clear effect of enhanced latent inhibition was discovered. A significant predictor was unusual experienced on the O-Life scale therefore enhanced latent inhibition was found to be associated with positive symptoms in schizotypy. Opposing results were reported by Kraus at al., (2016) and Gray (1992) who reported low levels of latent

b. vicarious reinforcement would be observed to be consequences of the behavior of the model.

The two types of generalization are stimulus generalization and response generalization. Stimulus generalization is the transfer of treatment effects across different stimuli not previously associated with the contingency while response generalization refers to the ability to use novel responses not previously taught, reinforced, or associated with the stimuli.

Skinner’s theory observes individuals from the point of view of the behavior that they demonstrate. The key weakness of this theory is its attempt to explain the behaviors of an individual solely through visible phenomena. Critics sometimes accuse behaviorists of denying that ideas and thoughts exist (Jensen & Burgess, 1997). The major opposition that behaviorists face is that behavior of a person cannot be understood without including the mental activity of the individual. Critics have accused behaviorists of focusing only on behavior and ignoring the role of physiology, neuroscience, and genetics (Weiss & Rosales-Ruiz, 2014). Sometimes the reactions that people demonstrate have are not related their experience and therefore they have another

When I was in my psychology class in high school, we spent a month talking about classical conditioning and we did many interesting experiments involving it. We also touched on operant conditioning and social learning, so I have some background knowledge in this subject. Classical and operant conditioning, along with social learning, are all ways to teach animals or humans how to behave. These theories developed because psychologists wanted to understand why people behave the way they do and many famous experiments have been conducted to answer this question. It was very interesting to learn more about these theories and how they work, and relating them to my own personal experiences.

What is sense perception? Senses are the primary way how people interact with the world. Sense perception is the interpreting the world through the use of senses, such as sight, sound, taste, smell and touch. It’s a process where people take in sensory information from their environment and use that information in order to interact with their environment. Senses are a big part of one’s daily life, as people rely on them by trusting what they see, touch, hear, smell or taste. But is sense perception reliable at receiving information? They way something is prevised differs from person to person prescriptive. In human memory, information is not stored exactly as it’s presented to

What are the biological constraints in Classical Conditioning? Report the procedure and results of two studies supporting your answer.