Stochastic Modelling Of Essential Parameters For Wireless Body Area Network

Data gathered by wearables may be used to predict an elevated threat of a probably fatal health event and alert health care providers.

This technological advancement facilitates the potential use of a \ac{WHTD} as a solution to relieve the burden on the health care system. The \ac{WHTD} refers to the devices which are capable of monitoring the physiological signs (e.g., heart activity, \ac{ECG}, \ac{EMG}, blood pressure, body temperature, oxygen saturation, etc.) of the human body and its surrounding environment (e.g., light, humidity, temperature, etc.) using a number of sensors located on or/and in the human body using \ac{BAN} \cite{movassaghi2014wireless,bangash2014survey,jovanov2011body}. This has been employed in various applications, such as military and sports training, \ac{HCI}, entertainment (interactive gaming), home and office automation, environmental monitoring, and \ac{VR}. It has also shown a tremendous potential as a personal healthcare system, which can provide services such as remote patient and elderly people monitoring, activity monitoring, rehabilitation, and disability assistance services as these devices can monitor health status seamlessly in real-time without disturbing users daily life. Consequently, major \ac{ICT} companies are introducing various wearable devices and services with Personalised Health Data management systems. Apple iWatch with HealthKit, Samsung Galaxy fit and Samsung Digital Health, and Google Fit are some of the

The body temperature is measured by using the temperature sensor LM35.The body temperature of a person will depend on gender, food, recent activity and in women the stage of menstrual cycle. For a healthy adult the normal body temperature can range from 97.8 degrees Fahrenheit (36.5 degrees Celsius) to 99 degrees Fahrenheit (37.2 degrees Celsius).Wearable health monitoring systems (WHMSs) represent the new generation of healthcare by providing real time unobtrusive monitoring of patient’s physiological parameters through the deployment of several on body and even intra body biosensors. Although several technological issues regarding WHMS still need to be resolved in order to become more applicable in real life scenarios, it is expected that

WBAN technology could provide the connectivity to support elderly people and chronic disease in managing their daily life, it also allows easy internetworking with other devices and networks, thus providing the health care worker with easy access to a patient’s critical and non-critical data. A WBAN allows continuous monitoring of the physiological parameters. Wherever the patient is despite the distance such as in the hospital, at home or in the market, the patient will no longer need to stay in hospital bed, but will be able to move around freely. Furthermore, the data obtained during a large time interval in the patient’s natural environment offers a clearer view to the doctors or nurses than data obtained during short stays at the hospital

Sandeep Kumar Subudhi and S. Sivanandam wrote a paper titled "Intelligent Wireless Patient Monitoring and Tracking System" for the International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies on their work which monitors human body temperature, Pulse Rate, blood pressure and ECG and tracking the patient location. The sensor information that was collected was transmitted from the patient unit using Zigbee communication system to the main controller unit. The observer or the doctor can also receive a message sent by GSM module and further decision can be taken based on the

(Samee Ullah Khan and Ishfaq Ahmad Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Texas at Arlington, TX-76019, U.S.A.

In this advancing world, healthcare has been one of the fast growing facilities with respect to the use of technologies for the safety and swift method of treatments. Hospital is one kind of building that is designed completely based on the functional aspects of the users. The traditional hospital structures have less flexibility, giving them less chance of effective usage after 15 to 20 years. Most of these facilities are revamped or renovated. Few of these facilities are shut because of the user inefficiency. These realities possess the need for bringing in the consideration of all technologies inside the healthcare facility. Building hospitals by integrating automated or technological systems can help the facility

[5] describes a framework based on Body Area Network for real time tracking and health monitoring of pilgrims. The mobile sensor unit carried by the pilgrim has a GPS receiver, body sensor and an IEEE 802.16.4/ ZigBee radio for communicating with network of fixed units. The fixed unit sends query to the mobile unit in order to get location and UID of the pilgrim. The authority at the control room can get the location and vital heath status of any person in the crowd being monitored. Besides this, the central server has data stored like medical history and the contact numbers of the relatives of the pilgrims.

The security requirement for this subsystem includes validating the proper identity of the source and not altering the patient data, except for combination or other defined alterations (Wolfgang Leister et al 2008). The security scheme presented in (Fei Hu et al 2008) utilizes a session key buffer to overcome gateway attacks. The time delay between the receiving new session key and using it facilitates finding the gateway conciliation. The scheme also brings resolution to the man-in-the-middle attacks, session key and false data injection. In Table 1, the summary of security constraints is specified and achievable solutions are provided (H S Ng et al

#1 The concept of a wireless network is to be able to provide a broad range of coverage to a large geographical area wirelessly (Techtarget, n. d.). Further, a wireless network gives one an advantage to connect wirelessly to other devices in separate areas of coverage. In healthcare, a wireless network is used to improve access, reduce errors and deliver an accurate healthcare information anywhere and at any given period among patients and healthcare providers (IEEE, 2003). Mobile devices, such as tablets, smartphones, personal digital assistant (PDA) and other handheld devices have made it possible to have a broad range of efficient healthcare applications (IEEE,2003). The mobile devices used by healthcare providers at a patient bedside can be used to monitor and manage patient information’s wirelessly (searchhealthIT, 2016).

RFID innovation developed a while back however wasn 't utilized that regularly because of absence of standardization and its high costs. RFID is a standout amongst all the most recent advances and has most encouraging progressions for the future years and in different commercial enterprises. We assemble a lot of practical information and verifications to support the new suggested techniques. Health care industry i is exceedingly esteemed all through the world; applying the forefront innovation in health awareness industry to enhance understanding human services has been the regular objective sought after by the hospitals everywhere throughout the world. The introduction of RFID as medical application is likewise being excitedly examined at this point. This Study finds the medical application of RFID application for the workflow of the most critical and the busiest unit in a hospital: the emergency department. The consequences of this Study might essentially expand the operation effectiveness by enhancing the issues normally experienced at the emergency room.

This paper evaluates the replacement of wires in a prototype body area network of wireless sensors. Sensor nodes which act as slave nodes are used to sense vital human parameters such as Electro Cardio Graphic (ECG), blood pressure, oxygen saturation-SpO2, heart rate, and body temperature [1]. Keeping the normal human body parameters as median values against the variations in the Lower and Higher levels towards the maximum abnormal conditions are tabulated for further analysis. A stochastic model has been developed with threshold human values against the variation of parameters in both directions. An algorithm is developed to identify the abnormalities in the human values which leads to disease diagnosis. The identified values are converted into the relevant binary format, and this binary format of human values sent to the hospital server for doctoral assessment through General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), by using of Microcontroler Unit or Master Node. In the identification process, If the master node identifies any one above mentioned human parameter values have been exceeded the threshold value, then it sends the alert message to the human care person through Short Message Service (SMS), all communication encrypted with Festiel Cipher Structure.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineering

A health care technology, which changed health care communication is the “The BioRadio Mobile and Wireless System.” The BioRadio is a wireless monitor that records physiological signals, such as the electrical activity of the heart, brain, and muscles. This biomedical device is innovative, simple to set up and operate, it is equipped with multi-programmable channels which captures and transmits human physiological data via Wi-Fi to computers, laptops, tablets or Smartphones. Additionally, the information can be stored in the onboard memory of the BioRadio itself. This system comes with a range of applications software kits such as ECG, EEG, EKG and more all in one unit. By installing these kits, users can stream real-time data onto their own custom application The BioRadio mobile and wireless systems are utilized in various hospitals, nursing homes and health care facilities to effectively serve their patients, staff, and communities.

to my satisfaction and submitted the same during the academic year 2015-2016 towards the partial fulfillment of degree of Bachelor of Engineering under Pune University, under the Department of Computer Engineering , MIT College of Engineering, Pune.