Stochastic Synchronization Of Distributed Energy Resources

In case study number one, a board member of The Energy Cooperative would like to call his own personal potential clients and be able to state, “I am calling as a director of The Energy Cooperative.” The following paper will analyze the ethical issues surrounding the use of such a statement from five different ethical theories. These particular theories come from Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, John Locke, John Rawls, and Lawrence Kohlberg. Finally, there will be a solution that the board should take with the issue, ethical, or otherwise.

Kant theory is unique in the fact he believed “that certain types of actions (including murder, theft and lying) were absolutely prohibited, even in cases where the action would bring about more happiness than the alternative” ( ). Kant believed making a choice to act on something, rather an individual pursues that action does not depend on the consequences but rather if it fulfills our mission or personal fulfilment.

The United States has an extremely well developed and maintained power grid which in its current state is configured primarily for non-renewable power generation. As the cost of green power comes down there will be an increasing amount of green power generation on the grid. This new, cleaner source of energy unfortunately has disadvantages that more traditional methods of power generation don’t suffer from, namely consistently. Photo-voltaic cells will only work when the sun is shining and wind turbines only spin when wind is present. I will be examining the readiness for renewable power of the power grid within the United States as well as investigating improvements that would allow for a larger national power generation percentage of renewable

In "The Case for Decentralized Generation of Electricity”, Thomas Casten and Brennan Downes summarize an extensive research that Casten and a team of researches went through in order to develope a new, more economically efficient, source of generating power. Casten and Downes incorporated past and present statistics of electricity generation in order to prove to the reader that they are determined to search for new power sources and also that they are reliable sources of information. What the research team came up with was ‘central generation’ which are a network of power stations with each power station being able to distribute power and energy locally to numerous buildings and homes within the vicinity. By writing this article, Casten and

A single military base with its own energy resources or so-called “islanded micro grid operation” is based on the ability to operate independently from the larger electrical grid. In this case the power is produced on the base and can reliably maintain operations. Recent reports from the

Wind is an intermittent energy source; as the wind is not constant, wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. This causes difficulties as the penetration of wind power increases, and wind generation become relied upon by the network operator. This report looks at the impact of wind power on the capacity of a power system to meet demand.

The attention on the distributed energy system (DES) has grown considerably over the last few years. In comparison to the conventional centralized large-scale power plant, the DES shows great advantages by offering end users a diversified energy supply, higher power efficiency, lower transmission and distribution losses and lower pollutant emissions. DES typically is a suite of on-site grid-connected or stand-alone energy system and has various types such as combined cooling, heating, and power plant (CCHP), biomass-fueled plant, solar power plant and wind power plant et al [1][2]. It is widely applicable in industrial plants, commercial and resident buildings, with energy efficiency and economic competitiveness [3].

As Japan changes its resource mix, shuttering significant nuclear baseload generation and making plans for a massive influx of distributed renewable energy, grid operations and planning practices for maintaining reliability and cost-effectiveness of a power system continue to evolve. Japan’s power sector liberalization is expected to increase competition and grid reliability for residential consumers and help drive retail electricity costs down by about 15 percent. However, keeping up with rising electricity demand will be challenging. Japan’s electricity demand is predicted to rise by about 22 percent

The aim of this paper is to replace traditional components like diesel generators which are used to generate power in a microgrid with renewable energy sources for an Air-force field deployable hospital (AFFDH). In this paper we assume that Air-force field deployable hospital consumes approximately 70KVA of peak power. ETAP software is used to operate for island and grid connected mode and also load flow and short circuit analysis are performed on the system for variety of load and fault scenarios.

Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) based distributed generators (DGs) are generally controlled as current source to deliver only active power generated by PV source to the grid. However, reactive power transfer capability of such DGs must be utilized to satisfy reactive power demand of the load or to provide reactive power support to the grid. Reactive power management for several such PV based DGs operating in parallel is a challenging task as the available reactive power capacity of each depends on the environmental conditions and may vary continuously. The proposed algorithm considers the effect of environmental conditions on the active power generated by the DGs and accordingly assigns reactive power references for the inverters after computing the available capacity of the inverters. Hence, irrespective of variation in active powers of the DGs, the proposed algorithm not only helps to avoid the overloading of the inverters but also operates all inverters at same apparent power rating to ensure equal utilization of the inverters. The algorithm is evaluated in terms of its capability to obtain the best solution that gives the least standard deviation of utilization factors of the inverters. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink are included to confirm its effectiveness over other algorithms.

UTILIZING ENERGY STORAGE TO INCREASE THE PROLIFERATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION AND SOLVE INTERMITTENCY WHILE STABILIZNG THE GRID

In this chapter, we construct stochastic model for energy spot price by using e of Ordinary Least Square Regression Model. At this point, it is imperative to discuss seasonality, which is a commonly observed characteristic in energy markets. In order to assess whether there is actually an underlying pattern prevailing in the return an autocorrelation test can be easily carried out for verification. As explained in [10], the evidence of high autocorrelation manifests an underlying seasonality. On the contract, if the returns were independents, as assumed by the Black – Scholes model, the correlation coefficient would be very close to zero indicating insufficiently evidence for an underlying seasonality. Here, would follow an approach where

A microgrid should be capable work in two modes, grid-connected or islanded. The DGs are usually power electronics interfaced and in the grid-connected mode of operation, a microgrid is supported by the main grid’s voltage and frequency. In the island mode, the DG control is responsible for frequency regulation. Moreover, the control is also responsible for managing the active and reactive power contributions of the DG system, such that the load power is properly shared amongst the DG systems of the microgrid. Centralized control approaches, however, require remarkable data transfer capacities and reliable communication links [3], [4] and [5]. As such, they may be suitable for small-scale microgrid in which the DG systems are close together. For DG systems that are scattered over a large geographic span, decentralized droop control

\IEEEPARstart{T}oday, integration of regional electric energy systems is more considered therefore, researchers propose different dynamic economic dispatch approach to find the optimal schedule of power generation resources for a given horizon, while the demand of each area is supplied as well as satisfying the technical constraints. Moreover, the large-scale integration of wind generation into power systems presents a significant challenge to system operator due to the unpredictable and highly variable nature of wind power generation that integration of regional electric energy systems and utilization of energy storage can be meet this issue. The capacity of interconnection area lines is limited the impact of integration area to meet wind

The project successfully applied MFO for the solution of classical MAED problem with security consideration and without security consideration. The aims of the project were to introduce renewable energy to a classical MAED problem and minimize the production costs while taking into consideration the transmission lines, tie lines and bus voltage constraints. The proposed algorithm was successfully tested on a five-area system. Introduction of security aspects to the classical MAED problem resulted in an increase in the total production cost of power.