Stolen Egyptian Artifacts

Egypt has one of the longest histories of any nation in the world. Written history of Egypt dates back to about 5,000 years, the commencement of civilization. While there is divergence in relation to Early Egyptian times, it is said that Egypt came to be around 3200 B.C., during the reign of a king by the name of Menes and unified the northern and southern cities of Egypt into one government. In 1675 B.C., Egypt was invaded by the Hyksos, people from the east, bringing along the very first of chariots and horses ever to come across Egyptian soil. Approximately 175 years later in 1500 B.C., the Egyptians had gotten rid of the Hyksos and driven them out. In 1375 B.C., Amenhotep IV had become the king of Egypt.

Egypt peaked in three different Kingdom periods with it's continuous growth in civilization. The Old Kingdom has taken place in the 3rd millennium BC. The Old Kingdom was a period of riches and peace but was then followed by a downfall of cultural decline and disagreements of the people. Most known as the time between the third dynasty to the sixth dynasty

In the Middle Kingdom 2100–1650 B.C.E. Trade was imperative with their neighbors, that included Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Crete, and Nubia became more widespread. Religion became more democratic in its view of who can go into the afterlife. The New Kingdom began after the defeat of the Hyksos invaders in 1500. It lasted through the years of imperial wars in opposition to the Hittites and other for the control of Mesopotamia, which ended with the retreat of Egypt that caused the Egyptian civilization to support the invasion of

The years c. 2700-2200 B.C.E. was a period deemed the Old Kingdom which consisted of the Third through Sixth Dynasties in Egypt. Egypt is a country that connects the Northeast corner of Africa to the Southwest corner of Asia (“Location and Climate.” ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM). Therefore, this makes Egypt not only a part of one larger country but two. The Old Kingdom occurred after the ancient Greeks no longer had control. The Greeks had given the previous Kemet the name Egypt. (Mark, “Ancient Egypt,” 2009).

The first pyramid was built by Imhotep for the king Djoser in 2630 BC–2611 BC. The first pyramid was built over an underground chamber but extended a six-layered step pyramid 62 meters in height. This soon continued through pharaohs used years past. Large block stone transported from the Nile river by skilled and paid wage workers. Generally, farmers helped build these pyramids during the flood season when crops were low.

The history of ancient Egypt is divided into three blocks of time referred to as kingdoms. The kingdoms were named as the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. This essay highlights the differences among the three kingdoms in terms of politics, economics, sculpture, and architecture.

Despite the ancient Egyptians' conservative nature and keeping to their core values, there were many changes within the infrastructure of their society during the middle kingdom. When Historians and scholars study the Old Kingdom, and the Middle Kingdom, One will notice that alterations to their religion, art, and architecture changed through both periods in history. Internal forces, as well as outside influences, shaped ancient Egyptian civilization. One would argue that the terms Old, middle and knew Kingdoms were of a hellenistic idea, instead of a Ancient Egyptian Ideology. The Old Kingdom founds its reign lasted from 2700- 2200 B.C. This time period consisted of the third through the sixth dynasty, beginning with Djoser and ending

First is Old Kingdom. The Old Kingdom also called the Pyramid Age began about in 2686 B.C.E. and ended in 2180 B.C.E. The pharaohs, of this time include the third through the sixth dynasty. In 3100 BC, the pharaoh Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt into one strong. The characteristics of

Furthermore, it was much more difficult to construct the Wall in terms of the environment and the manpower. Before building the Great Pyramid, the pharaoh Khufu selected the site prudently in order to choose the most suitable location, and there were five basic requirements for the location. First, the site should be constructed in the sunset region and higher than the Nile's flood plain to be safe; considering the convenience of transporting materials, the site should also be located on the bank of Nile close to Memphis which was the Egyptian capital. Finally, the site should be located on the solid bedrock and in a plain in order to build suitable levels of foundations of the construction (Jackson and Stamp 23). Khufu chose Giza as the site of construction, because it occupied a plateau overlooking the Nile River, and there were plenty of raw materials, such as limestone was accessible (Smith 108). According to Craig B. Smith, the exact nature of the workforce it took to build the pyramid is unknown.

The ancient Egyptian civilization began in ca. 2700 until 1075 BC. The Egyptians depended on the Nile River for their economy, rural, and religion. During the middle and new kingdoms in Egypt, the Israelites were slaves, but God delivered them out of Egypt. There are the primary differences are the worship, purpose of man, and life after death.

In the article “ Returning Antiquities to Their Countries of Origin” in paragraph one, sentence one through three, it talks about how people like to go to museums to enjoy the artifact. How they like to see how the ancient world was to better understand the culture, or to better understand their heritage. Although one can see why some may want to keep the artifacts in museums, instead of returning them to their natural origin; they are taking away the rightful countries opportunity to look at their past, and to get to know what it was like. One can see why some may think different; in conclusion, the artifacts need to be returned to their rightful

Conventions in art adopt to portray things in different ways and these conventions adopted by ancient Egyptian artists. Around 3000 BCE, Egypt was a consolidated state. Egypt was previously divided into two kingdoms, the Lower Egypt and The Upper Egypt. The powerful king of Upper kingdom conquered the lower kingdom. In the Predynastic period, Egypt unifies and this period was from 5000 to 2950 BCE.

sacred writing Demotic script – for contacts and agreements Old kingdom had an abundant amount of money, ended with a drought and multiple conflicts of the pharaohs – allowed the middle kingdom to emerge Middle kingdom was ruled by outside power Believed in the god, Ammun, or hidden Middle kingdom began conquering other civilizations The Hyksos succeeded in conquering all of Egypt – was eventually removed from Egypt New kingdom was much like an empire, attempted to find slaves and gold Hatshepsut was an Egyptian ruler, a woman, who expanded Egypt through trade Military expansions caused multiple conflicts between other civilizations like the Assyrians and the Romans King Tut is one of the most famous Egyptian rulers His grave was discovered by British archeologists during the 20th

The Great Pyramid of Giza is also recognized as the Pyramid of Khufu, Khufu's Pyramid and Pyramid of Cheops. It is the most significant and earliest structure in the world. This pyramid is the oldest of the three pyramids standing on the Giza Necropolis. It is also the largest of them all (Larry, 2000). This great pyramid is located on the northern edge of the Giza Plateau, which is 25 km outskirts, southwest of Cairo, Egypt. It is the only remaining standing monument of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (Crystalink, 2011). It is said that the pyramid was built as the tomb for the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian King Khufu (known in Greek as Cheops).

The story of Ancient Egypt began about 8000 years ago when people began to settle in the Nile Valley and started to raise their own crops and animals. (Ancient Egypt) From 3400BC to 1786BC, the Egyptians themselves ruled Egypt. Lower and Upper Egypt was united with the lands upstream to form one country under one king. The first period of Egyptian civilization -- The Old Kingdom, lasted from 2686BC to 2181BC. Soon after that, the Egyptians gained control of Nubia, and extended the land that was being farmed from 2050BC to 1786BC. From 1663BC to 332BC, the Egyptians were ruled by many different groups, such as the Hyksos (a group of Asian settlers who ruled for 100 years), the Thebans (who established the New Kingdom), and the Greeks. However, in 30BC, conquest was finally complete as Egypt fell under the control of the Roman Empire. (Illustrated Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt)