In dreams, humans fell fear, sorrow, rage, joy, and lust. In chapter 4 of,” The Storytelling Animal” Jonathan Gottschall, tries to persuade the audience that dream are night stories that focus on a protagonist, most likely the dreamer, who practices dealing with dilemmas or who struggles to achieve their desires. Gottschall’s use of extrinsic proof such as data and testimonies from community and proximate authorities are useful and help Gottschall persuade the audience of his thesis.
Although Gotschall’s use of extrinsic proof is very helpful there are some places where his proof is lacking. For example, Gottschall poorly uses data. On page 83 of “The Storytelling Animal” he states,” A conservative estimate, accounting for REM dreams, would Suggest that we dream in a vivid and story like way for about two hours per night, which comes to fifty-one thousand hours over an ordinary life span, or about six-solid years of nonstop dreaming.” When evaluating data one must look at numerous factor such as where the data came from, when the researched was conducted,
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Gottschall uses the studies of Katja Valli and Antii Revonsuo (Finnish dream researchers) to provide numerous statistics. Gottschall writes,” in 2009 Valli and Revonsuo estimated that an average person has 3 rem, dreams per nights and about 1,200 rem dreams per year …they estimate that 860 of those 1,200 dreams feature at least one threating event... the researchers estimate that people experience about 1,700 threatening REM dream episodes per year, or almost 5 per night.”(81-82) Valli and Revonsuo concluded that people would respond reasonably, realistically, and appropriately to their dream dilemmas. Gottschall provides the sources, method, and date for his data while also making sure the data came from a reputable source. This extrinsic proof is not only data but also a testimony from community authorities, Valli and
Both Freud and Jung provided important and interesting theories on dreams; encompassing their functions, their roots, and their meanings. Freud looked at dreams as a result of repressed memories, particularly repressed sexual memories from our childhood. Jung however, believed that dreams delved beyond sexual repression during younger years, to other problems, be it trauma, anxiety etc. Jung also believed dreams changed predominately through middle adult years, while Freud believed the opposite. There is little empirical evidence to reinforce either Freud or Jung’s theories, however, their contributions to the study of dreams in psychology cannot be lessened or denied.
Writers can use data to make a point. In Samuel Clemens “Mark Twain” excerpt of Life on the Mississippi; and Diane Zahler’s “Olympic Upset” we see 2 different effective styles in the use of data. Mark Twain’s data in some ways is the more traditional way that one envisions data to be used. The excerpt intends to show the spectacular nature of The Mississippi. He basically posits spectacular statements then backs it up with data.
Studies have shown prominence of themes in typical dreams but whether or not they hold a personal meaning or simply reflect emotional apprehensions are still up for debate between researchers. Based on the knowledge of reoccurring themes for dreams, a Typical Dream Questionnaire, or TDQ, was created. In order to create the TDQ, researchers did extensive investigations on particular themes and then applied cross-cultural comparisons in order to make the questions for the questionnaire. Ever since it was used, researchers have found that the answers to the questionnaire are widely different between
When trying to comprehend a story one should always take note of the important aspects throughout the passage. There are various instances contained in the essay’s “A Way Of Thinking” by William Stafford, and “The Symbolic Language of Dreams” by Stephen King that have vital pieces that contribute to the whole message. Specific questions, words, and events should be identified when trying to develop a full understanding of the meaning. Stafford and King both illustrate the various aspects and ideas on how a writer creates. Stafford expresses his views on how receptivity and trust within the individual’s inner world help the writer create. Similarly, King depicts numerous reasons as to how dreams have helped him in his writing. After reading
During the talk, a statement transported me to the previous week’s discussion on Burgis and Collier. Sanders opened by stating “it is important to challenge every statement we read and take nothing as true until it is verified information.” It seemed not only true of American politics (though it is an essential attitude to maintain when exploring this realm) but of all fields, especially political science. Many academics argue about whether quantitative data is the apex of research or
That would be good for people, because there are a lot of things we can't do that animals can. We could use their help.”( Grandin) I don't know where humans, or life in general would be without the help of animals. They help us through hard times, the can teach us life lessons and, they can be trained as service dogs to help others in need. Though sometimes we doubt them, if we learn to accept that humans aren't “all that” and animals can do things too, the society would be all around a better place.
A lot of times by being a non-professional, I have unwavering faith in a lot of the public statistical numbers. I have always been amazed by how precisely statisticians can tell stories from bunch lifeless numbers. Statisticians, like most scientists, use accurate calculations, formulas and methodologies to make objective conclusions. But we try to forget that statisticians are also human beings, who make mistakes intentionally or unintentionally, who face pressures and
Our dreams are objects of endless enchantment and mystery for mankind as far back as the beginning of time. The nocturnal
Dreams are representations of one’s feelings and thoughts, but are also a place of mystery. They can tell stories, and often one finds truths in them, not only about themselves, but about the world in which they live. But throughout time, there have been stories of dreams that have been depicted to be much more complicated then how we think of them today. They can be bringers of unknown information, gateways to places one needs to be, and ways for communication that cannot occur otherwise. In this way, The Mabinogion’s stories The Dream of Maxen and The Dream of Rhonabwy, and Ovid’s “Iphis and Ianthe” are used to illustrate how dreams can be used as a borderland for different situations between the mortal realm and the other.
The hypothesis of the study is that participants who have at least one nightmare per week will have more negative emotions in their dreams than the ones who have nightmares less than once a month; also, that the nightmare sufferers will have more stress in the morning and evening than the non-nightmare sufferers. An experimental study was performed using participants from a larger Canadian dream study. They selected sixty participants based on the criteria that they either had nightmares at least once a week, or they had nightmares less than once a month. The participants’ ages ranged from 13 to 58. The participants were split into two
Dreams have a lengthy record of being a subject for debate and a source of motivation. In ancient Egypt, pharaohs had several interpreters to decipher their dreams as they believed they were messages from the gods (Lincoln, 1935, p.68). The ancient Hebrews believed that their dreams were tied to divine revelations as well. Native American tribes believed that dreams were a connection to their ancestors and used obtaining a vision from a dream as a rite of passage (Tedlock, 1981, p.324). In the present day, every night all across the world, people still experience sequences of imagery encompassed by sensations and emotions while asleep. The average person tends to dream up to seven times a night
Dreams have been around as long as the first civilization came to be and have been a normal part of human existence. One third of your life is spent sleeping, and of that third, on average you will have spent a total of about six years of it dreaming. Most people dream on average two hours every night, but you can have anywhere from four to seven dreams in one night. According to research, the most common setting for a dream is in your own house. In our dreams we can do anything we want and be whoever we want to be. Our dreams are an escape from reality. While we dream we are unable to control our actions and choose our surroundings. We let our minds take over. Sometimes dreams can be understood in the context of repressed thoughts. Dreaming serves as an outlet for those thoughts and impulses we repress during the day. When we go to sleep at night and slip into our dream state, we feel liberated and behave in a manner that we do not allow ourselves to in our everyday life. Visions and ides can come from your dreams. Often, authors, screenwriters, and even poets turn to their dreams for inspiration. The think quest oracle library goes on to tell about the most well-known of the modern dream
By studying the ideas of other psychologists and philosophers to support his own ideas, Freud was able to take the parts he agreed with and disprove the parts he did not agree with. He explores the ideas of Aristotle, Hildebrandt and Strumpell to name just a few. He agreed strongly with Aristotle’s belief that dreams are not divine in
Close your eyes and think of the last dream you had, do you remember it? Maybe you had the ability to fly or you were falling down. For some, you may have woken up gasping for air due to a scary dream. If any of you are like me you experience seemingly realistic dreams.
Since I can remember, my earliest memories were of me visiting the animals at the zoo, returning lost dogs to their owners and nursing dropped nestlings to health with my mom. My grandpa loved to take my brother and me to the Minnesota Zoo, and I loved to visit my favorite Eastern Lowland gorilla, Spike. The first time I visited with my grandpa and we went to the ape's section and that’s where I found who we call “my first boyfriend” Spike. When I ran up to the glass to get a closer look, he turned his head, waited for a second and then ran as fast as he could towards me and banged on the glass. One of the scariest moments, but that’s the day I looked at my grandpa and said: “I want to get him and all of his friends out of here”. Another memory that often crosses my mind is the