Strawberry Dna Integration

In this experiment, DNA was extracted from human cheek cells using Gatorade, soap solution, and rubbing alcohol. To do this, Gatorade was swished in the subject’s mouth vigorously for 45 seconds, and then added to soap solution and rubbing alcohol. This mixture was left to sit in ice water for two to three minutes. It was hypothesized that when cheek cells were placed into Gatorade, soap solution, and rubbing alcohol, that the DNA would be extracted, forming a stringy substance. This hypothesis was supported by the results of the experiment. After adding the alcohol to the Gatorade and soap solution, a semi-translucent, fibrous substance was formed.

3. Name the piece of equipment used to obtain the cells. Cheek Buccal Swab to release cells from inside of mouth.

Our class of twelve was subdivided into six groups of two. Each group used a light microscope to observe thirteen slides of organic materials (listed with the appended images). The slides were dyed one or two colors to show different parts of the organisms or cells. With each slide we started our observations on 40x magnification and moved up, through 100x, to 400x magnification. After recording what I saw under the microscopes, I researched what I had seen, and collected images for comparison, which appear in the appendix.

Initial trials were performed in class of DNA extraction. This time strawberry was used. The process that was undertaken

Ethanol is a non-polar and uncharged alcohol, when at high concentrations, will destroy the lipid bilayer barrier of membranes and increase ion

In this procedure, chromosomal DNA is extracted from strawberries. First, the strawberry is placed in a sealable plastic bag and pressed in order to crack open the plant 's cell wall. Next, a detergent is added to dissolve the cell membrane, this process is called cell lysis. The cell contents will flow out after cell lysis. This cell lysis solution is then placed in a water bath to allow for a further breakdown. Lastly, to make the DNA evident an alcohol-based precipitation is added to the cell lysis solution, then using a splint to

To correctly perform this lab practice and successively extract DNA from strawberry cells, specific steps were taken and each step had a specific function. By cutting strawberries into small pieces, grinding, and smashing them, the cells were mechanically broken down. Then, by adding a teaspoon of detergent, a pinch of salt, and warm water, the cells were chemically broken down. The detergent separated the lipids from the membrane, the hot water broke down any chemical bonds, and the salt, acted as a catalyzer, accelerating the breakage of the fragile bonds holding the phospholipids together. After grinding, filtering the mixture (to remove any big strawberry pieces), and placing it in a beaker, alcohol was added to separate the solution. Since

In Table 1, the data presents the values for calculating the strawberry DNA yield and the DNA yield value. The value of the concentration of the Methylene blue-stained DNA solution is obtained from the standard curve in Figure 1. The value was also obtained using a strawberry DNA extraction process. In this process, a DNA Extraction Buffer containing detergent and salt (sodium chloride) was used. The detergent helped in breaking down the strawberry cells to release the DNA into the solution. Water wasn’t used in this process because the phospholipids in the cell membranes wouldn’t be dissolved. The salt in this process helped in creating an environment for the DNA strands to gather and clump together. This way, it would be easier to observe

This experiment required careful examination and observation for each step, and the “why” questions are analyzed in great detail in the discussion part of the report. The strawberries used for this experiment were the frozen store bought type, but felt warm during the start of the experiment. The strawberries were mashed up using a mortar and pestle into a smoothie like substance in order to breach the cell wall and expose the DNA. Twelve eyedroppers of heated saltwater detergent were added to the mashed strawberry solution and no color change was observed. The solution was then filtered into a beaker with a coffee filter apparatus. A pulp free solution was left in the beaker, while the pulp and debris “junk” of the strawberry was collected

DNA was extracted from blood and from tissue by DNA isolation kits (QIAamp DNA Minikit, QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany) according to the instructions of manufacturer.

DNA isolation is a process of DNA purification through physical and chemical means. DNA was protected within the nuclear membrane of B. rapa, which was surrounded by a cell membrane and cell wall. Mechanical and chemical lysis of the cell was necessary to break open the cells and solubilize the membranes to isolate the DNA. Mechanical lysis, which consisted of grinding the leaves with a pestle, broke down the cell wall. Chemical lysis, through the use of lysis solution, broke down the lipid-base membranes. The lysate was placed inside the Zymo-spin IV spin filter to remove chunks of debris from the solubilized cell components. A binding buffer was added to the collection tube that held DNA,

. This is because the partially negative oxygen atoms which are in the water attract the positively charged sodium ions from the sodium chloride. We also observed a foggy line of separation in the water distinctly showing the separation of the water and alcohol. This is because water is a little bit more polar than alcohol so it attracts the positive and negative ions from the sodium chloride molecule better than isopropyl alcohol

If the strawberries were diploid instead of octoploid, the strawberries will have less DNA and become harder to extract the DNA during the experiment.

The main purpose is to isolate chromatin from both animal and plant tissue. Keeping in mind the structure of DNA described above would help understand how the process of isolation takes place step by step, and the cellular difference between the animal and plant tissue suggest considering different techniques for each type including physical disruption, filtration and centrifugation among others. Relying on these different techniques and methods depending on the cell type, the main goal of this experiment was to isolate the chromatin and extract DNA from strawberries and liver tissue, the extraordinary molecule that carries the entire genetic code for these organisms

For molecular studies, fresh leaves were collected randomly from 10 randomly selected plants in each population. Nuclear DNA was extracted using CTAB activated charcoal protocol (Križman et al., 2006). These procedures were based on