It is still being discussed and there is a dilemma. Existing works are mostly based on Duverger and Sartori type of typologies which are mostly consist observations, generalizations and case-selections. These may lead us inaccurate inferences. Hence, as Elgie argues semi-presidentialism should be defined according to constitutional framework as the system extremely varies in different regions and countries. For instance, Western European type of semi-presidentialism cannot be found in Central Asia since having different political, historical and idiosyncratic settings. Features of the semi-presidentialism According to Elgie’s definition semi-presidentialism is a hybrid system in which the president is elected directly and popularly and the prime …show more content…
In 1962 by a constitutional amendment, France adopted semi-presidentialism or it is called also rationalized parliamentarism by strengthening the executive so that parliament’s overwhelming influence and power has broken. Weaknesses and strengths of the semi-presidentialism Even though semi-presidentialism is a hybrid system demonstrates both parliamentarism and presidentialism it has weaknesses and strengths. In a sense, this shows there is no flawless system which does not cause any problems or creates a deadlock in practice. At the beginning, during the spread of semi-presidentialism in 1990s some scholars worried about possible dangers of semi-presidentialism because of the provision of extensive powers to the president or others addressed cohabitation as a weak point. First of all, there are some problems caused by constitutional design. Constitution is generally heterogeneous in the sense that including both presidential and parliamentary aspects. System works well when only government is clearly assigned in order to be accountable to the legislature. When president is also accountable to the parliament this may cause institutional conflict between the president and the parliament as
Chief Legislator is supposed to be the highest position in the United States. Otherwise known as the President of the United States of America, Barack Obama currently holds that position; however, there is a lot of conflict between Obama and congress which is putting a damper on future plans to help improve the country. The government is setup so there is equality within the system, Congress and the President go hand and hand even though sometimes it might not work out the way it was planned. Sometimes the outcome can all depend on the views of the President and Congress. Like for instance now, Obama is a democrat and Congress is mainly Republicans so they have trouble meeting eye to eye.
Another very notable role of the President also outlined in Article II. Section 2. of the Constitution and reads, “He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court(http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html). It essentially gives the President power to make treaties with foreign nations however, two-thirds of Congress must be in agreement with the decision. Although the President, or the Executive Branch can be interpreted as the most authoritative arm of government, its powers are still limited and restricted by the process of checks and balances. Each branch of government has some governance over the other two divisions. For instance, just as it is outlined above, the President can nominate Ambassadors and Judges of the Supreme Court but the decision must be upheld by Congress. In other words, under the "Advice and Consent clause the appointed member must be sworn in by the Senate. Again, this is an example of how the system of checks and balances limits the powers of the President.
Executive power is vested in the office of the President of the United States. The President has the dual role of being the chief of state and the head of government. The President is also commander in chief of the armed forces. He issues executive orders, and appoints Supreme Court justices (with senate approval). The president is also called "the chief legislator" because he indirectly proposes many bills, considers all bills from Congress and signs them into law or vetoes them.
The president is the leader of the executive branch. We can’t fully understand what the president is capable of unless we recall that he is held primarily accountable for, the ethics, loyalty, efficiency, and responsiveness to the american whishes. Both the congress and the constitution gave power to the president and rely solely on him to guide
The arguments made by Federalists and anti-Federalists regarding the office and powers of the presidency during the ratifying debates that followed the drafting of the Constitution in 1787 were persuasive, but distinctly at odds. Both sides, however, sought the same thing, how best to allocate power in a unified republic of states? From this question opposing views developed as to whether or not a President should even exist, and if so, what powers he should be granted. I will briefly examine the presidential powers that were primarily awarded under Article II of the new Constitution. I will then explore the opposing arguments that arose during the ratifying debates concerning those granted powers. I do so in the interest of offering a
Legislative - Recommend legislation, sign or veto bills, and call Congress into a special session.
This is not the only way that the legislative body exerts their oversight powers over the executive body, however. In fact, there is a host of other means for ensuring that the decisions of the nation’s executive branch leaders are checked. For example, the Congress (the Senate specifically) is charged with advising and offering consent for presidential nominations. Congress is also given the power to bring charges against members of the executive branch and possibly remove them through impeachment proceedings in the House of Representatives and trials in the Senate. The annual State of the Union Address can even be considered a medium through which the Senate exercises its oversight powers. As dictated by Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution, the president “shall from time to time give to Congress information of the State of the Union and recommend to their Consideration such
For instance, the Speaker of the House must set the agenda, appoint chairs of committees and, have an impact over what gets voted on in the legislature (Champagne et al., 2017, p.209). Another important persona in the state legislature is the lieutenant governor; the president of the state senate. He is held accountable for setting the legislative agenda and appointing committee chairs (Champagne et al., 2017, p.210). Moreover, the committee system of the state legislature must work together to perform more common governmental tasks. Such as, when the Texas Senate and House members work together to pass a new law (Champagne et al., 2017, p. 211-212).
Neil Clark Warren in his essay “The Cohabitation Epidemic” starts by using tennis stars Andre Agassi and Steffi Graf’s case to mention the “cohabitation” issue and then quoting the data from the U.S Census Bureau and researcher Larry Bumpass to show that the number of people involved in cohabitation has significantly increased in the U.S in the last few decades. After that, Warren concludes that we should be alarmed over the recent increase of cohabiting couples. Before arguing against cohabitation, Warren introduces what kinds of people are cohabiting and why they are cohabiting. Followed by that, the author first uses the
Every country differs in their preference of political system to govern their countries. For democratic countries, two possible choices of governing are the presidential system and the parliamentary system. Since both the presidential and the parliamentary systems have their own strengths and weaknesses, many scholars have examined these two forms of government, and debate on which political system is more successful in governance. In this paper, I will first provide a detailed analysis of both the parliamentary and the presidential system. I will also evaluate each system’s strengths and weaknesses, addressing any differences as well as any commonalities. Finally, I will conclude by using historical examples to analyze and support the
The modern presidency has in a sense become a double-edged sword in that presidents have become beneficiaries of anything positive that can be attributed to government, but also can be blamed for anything bad occurring in society. Quite simply, the modern president has become the center of our political system (The Modern Presidency, 2004). The men who have dealt with this double-edged sword known as the modern presidency have often walked a very fine line between effectiveness and ineffectiveness, but all have attempted to use their power in one way or another.
One branch in the United States government is the executive branch. The executive branch is responsible for implementing and administrating the public policy enacted by and funded by the legislative branch (separation of powers: an overview). The executive branch is also responsible to put laws into operation, negotiate treaties, negotiate taxes, wage war, appoint judges, diplomats, a cabinet and department heads. Through the attorney general the executive branch has the right to prosecute crimes. Also through the police the executive branch has the power to arrest, detain, and search citizens (separation of powers transparency.org). The president is the highest officer in the executive branch of the federal government, with the primary responsibility for enforcing the nations laws (Brannen 160). Executive officials may only be removed from office by impeachment for and
A presidential government does not depend on legislative majority to exist. A semi-presidential government does depend on legislative majority to exist and has a popularly elected official. A parliamentary government only depends on a legislative majority. A government in a parliamentary system is composed of a prime minister and the cabinet. A cabinet is a group of ministers. Cabinet ministers have responsibility for what goes on in their ministry, known as ministerial responsibility. Ministers must publicly support cabinet decisions, known as collective cabinet responsibility. Two scenarios in which a new government forms involve an office-seeking politician or a policy-seeking politician. A policy-seeking politician wants to shape policy, while an office-seeking politician is interested in benefiting the office and wants as much power as possible. An attribute qualifies someone for membership in an identity category. An identity category is a social group someone can place his or her self. Crosscutting attributes are the unrelated attributes a country has, and reinforcing attributes are the correlated attributes a country has. Social cleavages are the ways a society splits. Duverger’s law, according to Principles of Comparative Politics by Clark, Golder, and Golder , states that single-member plurality systems encourage two-party systems. An electoral system is a set of laws used to regulate the competition between candidates, or parties, or both. Rules are easier to
Topic: A presidential democracy is more likely to produce strong, effective government than a parliamentary democracy.
The relationship between the legislative and executive authority the presidential system has a distinct difference. In the presidential system the President is the one who heads the executive branch of government, which is separate from the legislative branch. These two branches are both independent of each other. The members of the legislative branch, along with the president, are all elected by the people, whereas the members of the head executive departments of government, the Cabinet, are elected by the President as his or her official advisers. More than having been elected by the President, the Cabinet also requires the conformation and consent of the legislative branch. The sole purpose of the legislature is to create and develop the details of plans and corrections and reviewing of laws. The executive council has the ability to show approval of a legislative agenda, and within that agenda they