Strict Glycaemic Control

Treatments are aimed at keeping the blood sugar level at normal levels while avoiding hypoglycemia or the decreased glucose level. Lifestyle changes are very important so as to avoid the worsening of the signs and symptoms of diabetes. If you are obese, you will need to lose weight. You also need to maintain your blood pressure level by decreasing the cholesterol level of your diet as well as decreasing your intake of salt and fats. Your diabetes recipes should be high in fiber and have low-fat content particularly saturated fats. You should also opt for foods that have low carbohydrate contents and increase your intake of fruits and

Diabetes can be treated in three basic ways: by diet, by diet in conjunction with tablets, or diet in conjunction with insulin. Diet serves as an initial control for non-urgent patients. If a person’s diet will have a major effect on glycaemic control, it does so reasonably quickly, within a few weeks of changing

Mediterranean diet, a low-carbohydrate, high protein diet, a vegan diet and a vegetarian diet all of which to have shown to improve metabolic conditions. The degree of the improvement varies from patient to patient therefore, it is necessary to evaluate each patient based on their only needs and individual metabolic demands. It is recommended that patients with pre-diabetes be made aware of beneficial nutrition intervention. Knowing what diet is best for the patient can significantly help with the risks of developing diabetes type 2. Medical nutrition therapy plays a role at three levels, primary prevention, secondary and tertiary prevention. For the purpose of this paper primary prevention is observed to help aim in delaying or arresting the development of diabetes. Different types of diet have been shown to be associated with improvement in metabolic condition. Modest weight loss has been shown to improve insulin resistance so either a low carbohydrate, low-fat calorie-resistance, or Mediterranean diet may be effective in the short term (Khazrai et al.,

Type 2 Diabetes is a disease that is found in a variety of age groups around the world. This disease is growing at a rapid rate and it is impacting the health of this generation and future generations to come. Diabetes is a disease that impairs the body’s ability to produce or respond to the insulin hormone produced by the pancreas. The insulin allows for the glucose to be effectively used as energy throughout the body. Diabetes causes carbohydrates to be abnormally digested, which can raise blood glucose levels. This means that the glucose is not being taken up by the cells that need it. The cells cannot take up the excess glucose that has accumulated in the blood, so it is excreted through the urine. This can lead to problems with the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and eyes because high blood glucose can damage the blood vessels of these organs. This diseased is managed by adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber, increasing physical activity, losing excess weight, and not smoking. If this

Dr. Gower and her team are happy and proud that most of the people who have come to them are able to manage their type-2 diabetes through lifestyle and dietary changes alone, eliminating the need for medication. “It is not impossible to eat a low-carb diet that is healthful and satisfying. We do it all the time, and we teach our patients to do it. They love it.”

Kramer, Roberts, and Zygun (2012) conducted a level I systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether tight glycemic control reduces mortality and improves outcomes in neurocritical care patients. A thorough search was conducted through Ovid interface, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search terms used were: “intensive glycemic control”, “neurocritical care”, and “clinical trials”. After the initial search, 3,040 references were identified. However, only sixteen studies were included. These sixteen studies involved 1,248 patients total, 654 patients treated with intensive glycemic control vs. 594

It is necessary for one who is a type 2 diabetic to watch his weight. A diet meal plan for type 2 diabetics contain fiber rich foods, fish that are rich in omega 3 and fatty acids, healthy fats and carbohydrates. Type 2 diabetics should essential ignore food that has high levels of fats, sodium and cholesterol.

One solution that is recommended is weight loss by special dietary guidance and setting a goal that is both reachable and sustainable. The vast majority of overweight people at risk of type 2 diabetes can prevent symptoms by losing a few percent of their body weight. Moderate weight loss can improve insulin action, decrease fasting blood glucose concentrations, and reduce the need for diabetes medication. Weight loss has important additional health benefits in patients with diabetes because it improves other risk factors for cardiovascular disease by decreasing blood pressure, improving serum lipid concentrations (decreases in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations and increases in serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations)(Klein & Sheard, 2004).

The mainstay of type 2 diabetes medication is Metformin due to the cost, safety of the medication and limitied side effects. Metformin reduces glucose levels through two pathways; it reduces hepatic glucose production and increases the insulin tissue sensitivity. Monotherapy is normal for this medication; however, it can be utilized in combination with other medications. Metformin used in conjunction with Sodium glucose cotransporter provides a greater control over the level of glucose in the body due to the reduction of glucose production, increase in sensitivity, reduction of reabsorption of glucose and the excretion of glucose through the kidneys, basically the glucose control is through 4 different pathways making it a synergetic effect on diabetes type 2. According to Inzucchi et al.(2016), the combination of these medications helped patients reduce their overall A1c (0.5-1.0), lose weight (2kg) and a reduction in their blood

Metoformin is a medication used to treat Type 2 diabetes. Metformin is classified as a biguanide and antidiabetic medication. Its therapeutic classification is an antihyperglycemic. Metformin, which is the drug’s generic name, is also known under its trade names: Fortamet, Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza and Riomet. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic medication and has three main actions: Metofrmin increases the binding of insulin to insulin receptors in skeletal muscles and fat, which works to improve tissue sensitivity to insulin. Through this action, glucose is able to be transported into skeletal muscles and fat and the body is able to use glucose to function properly. Metformin also suppresses gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as fat and protein. Metformin also prevents the liver from converting stored glycogen into glucose. All these actions work together to lower the level of blood sugar and also lower the Hemoglobin A1C value, ensuring diabetics have better control of their blood sugar.

Type 2 diabetes can be controlled through healthy diet and regular exercise. However some people with type 2 diabetes are prescribed tablets to control their blood glucose levels. These tablets are intended to be used in conjunction with healthy eating and regular exercise. Eventually it may be necessary for diabetic patients to start taking insulin to control blood glucose levels, when your body is no longer producing enough insulin of its own.

This question warrants investigation as T2DM is a gateway disease. Overtime, the disease progresses to affect other bodily functions, harming both an individual’s physical and psychological well-being. For example, T2DM is responsible for higher risks of neuropathy, low bone density, hypertension, heart disease, lower limb amputations and vision and hearing loss, as well as psychological disorders such as depression and dementia. According to 2015 statistics from the American Diabetes Association, T2DM is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States, contributing to 332,341 US deaths. However, treatments that address the causes of T2DM are more prudent than current treatments which focus on mitigating the complications that arise

º Insulin 101. Blood sugar control is one of the most important parts of type 2 diabetes management.

Metformin is a diabetic medication that’s typically used for type 2 diabetic patients. “Metformin works by helping to restore your body's proper response to the insulin that is naturally produced. It also decreases the amount of sugar that the liver makes and that the stomach and intestines absorb (Rx List, 2017).”In the endocrine system, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or doesn't respond properly to insulin causing an imbalance between the effects of insulin and glucagon. Metformin then help decrease the insulin output to the body. Metformin is taking orally and absorbed into the body and blood stream to decrease the amount of glucose made by the liver and it decreases the amount of absorption in the body (Campbell, 2006).”

I have chosen metformin to treat this patient and this medication is a biguanide. Metformin is currently the only medication in this class (Woo & Wynne, 2012). According to Woo & Wynne (2012), metformin is the first line treatment for type 2 diabetics in adults as a monotherapy (pg. 604). Metformin is appropriate as the first medicinal treatment of this patient’s diabetes. This is validated by the American Diabetes Association Standards of medical care in diabetes (2016) which states that if lifestyle changes have not affectively achieved glycemic goals, metformin is the recommended pharmacologic treatment (pg. 9).