Path Analysis Paper

There is no doubt that there is a prevalence of substance abuse throughout several age groups. To a certain extent, a society is faced with the reality of controlling substance abuse. Or allow it run rampant throughout the community. Often times, we hear and read about the level of substance abuse among teen, young adults and mid-aged

Substance abuse is difficult to treat no matter the background someone comes from, but adding sociocultural influences from diverse cultures can add an even more difficult element when it comes to effective prevention and intervention strategies. The United States is a melting pot of diverse cultures, with the Hispanic population accounting for “one-half of the nation’s growth” (Steven & Smith, 2013, p. 328). When it comes to treating Hispanic individuals for substance abuse issues, one needs to be aware of the cultural differences and acculturation issues that are characteristic of this culture. Clinicians who work with the Hispanic population need to understand their cultural values and respect their diversity so that barriers to treatment can be overcome.

The Pathways Model is formed through a process of “theory knitting” (Ward and Siegert, 2002, pg.322) The researchers integrated the strengths of three theories that explain child sexual abuse to form a complex and multifactorial model. Unlike the other two theories, Routine Activities Theory and the Judgment Model of Cognitive Distortions, the Pathway Model acknowledges that multiple factors cause child sexual abuse. The Pathways Model outlines four clusters associated with child offenders, each cluster has its own primary causal mechanism, thus making the Pathways Model diverse. Moreover, the Pathways Model highlighted the fact that all four clusters interact with each other and for a sexual offense to take place all four need to be present.

The community I decided to research and compose this paper is one from which I live, Kent County Michigan. I gathered data from several different resources such as the Kent County Health Department and Michigan Department of Community Health in order to create a community assessment. The data I collected can be broken down into four different assessment pieces.

The Hispanic/Latin American population of the U.S. has been growing steadily over the last four decades (Casas, Vasquez, & Ruiz de Esparza, 2002 retrieved from Alvarez) and recent census statistics indicate that 42.7 million Americans identify themselves as Hispanic (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2006 retrieved from Alvarez). The Hispanic population is expected to continue to grow and expand. Hispanic living in the United States face many challenges and social injustice. When facing challenges and social injustices people tend to handle those stressors in different ways. For some people partaking in substance and alcohol abuse has become a coping trend in America. “Substance abuse prevalence rates for Latinos/as generally mirror those of the

Despite concerted efforts to improve alcohol and drug abuse prevention and clinical programs as well as decades of research, available information suggests that the prevalence of problematic substance use has not appreciably changed in many American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities (Novins et al., 2011). The severity at which the problematic issues persist varies in each of the communities but overtime it has been categorized as a long-standing problem. According to a recent report by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA 2010), 14.8% of this population

It may require much patience, but over time the stigma attached to seeking mental health care can be overcome to build a strong therapeutic relationship can be built on a foundation of trust in which it can be stressed that seeking and utilizing mental health treatment is a characteristic of strength rather than weakness and evidence of love for family. As the client’s personal problems are resolved, the focus can shift to advocacy and substance abuse prevention. Interventions that take the challenges of immigration and disparities of generational acculturation will beneficial for substance abuse prevention in younger Latino/Hispanics (Unger et al. 2009, cited by Wagner et al., 2010, p.

There are some challenges, as well, in implementing health promotion programs that use the social ecological framework. One main challenge is that programs are expensive and complex to implement in certain community settings. Also, there needs to be close coordination and collaboration between individuals and groups. In the article by Wagemakers et al., the authors developed a framework that links the domains of social environment and health, with key health predicting mediators, and operational variables of participation and collaboration (6). They based this framework on experience in case studies, audits of community health programs in the Netherlands, and ideas found in the literature. The authors offer four key guidelines on how to apply the framework that can help increase community participation and collaboration. These guidelines are: use the variables as a menu, set specific aims for social change processes, use an action research approach and triangulate data. This framework can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of community health promotion designs and address the challenges faced in implementing new programs.

This play is used in taking advantage of defenses that over pursue, allowing offensive linemen to be more effective by pushing the defenders to one side. The slant run is exactly like it sounds. The runner will (HB) slant his angle to the outside after he receives the ball instead of running straight toward the line of scrimmage, The slant route is meant to get the receiver in the space behind the line of scrimmage and between the safeties and the linebackers. As a result, a receiver running in a slant pattern takes a couple of steps then runs towards the center of the field. The slant route is one of the harder plays to defend when ran right. Because the quarterback has a quick throw beneath the greatest amount of the coverage. But there

Asian Americans are always shown to have a relatively low rate of substance abuse among all the ethnic groups in the US (Kim, Ziedonis, & Chen, 2007). In fact, studies suggest that Asian American youth are more vulnerable for emotional and social difficulties than youth of other races or ethnicities (Wong et al. 1998). As a group of immigrants, Asian American youth often face acculturation stressors like low self-esteem, high depression and anxiety and social isolation, and more and more studies have reported various behavior problems among Asian American youth, like gang activities (Zhang, 2002), a rapid increase in juvenile crime (Le, 2002) and a significant increase in violence.

No one identity is sought after as it pertains to substance abuse addiction. In 1972 within Miami, the demographic data of the “common addict” was outlines as a single white male between the ages of 19 and 25 (Drugs in our Schools, 1972). Not operating inside a vacuum, drug addiction can affect all racial and ethnic backgrounds to include all ages.

Ornelas, I. J., Eng, E., & Perreira, K. M. ( Ornela and Perreira,2010). Perceived barriers to opportunity and their relation to substance use among Latino immigrant men. Journal of

In and around most large cities in America, the rising substance abuse epidemic has brought about a renewed interested in determining the root cause of substance abuse, the effects of substance abuse on individuals and societies, and the substance abuse treatment modalities that achieve the best outcomes. In reviewing the current research on substance abuse there seems to be no one clear cause of substance abuse disorders, although there is strong evidence that a number of life circumstances may predispose an individual to a substance abuse disorder, as well as a number of protective factors that may reduce an individual’s risk of developing a substance abuse disorder. One important risk factor that is commonly associated with substance

Strengthening community action is instrumental in establishing positive health outcomes in young people. In strengthening community action, various support networks are put into place to not only prevent

An activity is any portion of a project which consumes time or resources and has a definable beginning and ending. For example, "laying of pipe" is an activity requiring the use of resource mainly effort. Activity may involve labour, paper work, contractual negotiations, machinery operations, etc. Commonly used terms synonymous with "activity" are "task" and "job".