Structural Steel And Sustainability Of Construction Materials

Sustainability is becoming an ongoing trend in construction. This word in reference to construction means to be built sturdy while not depleting the environment around it. According to Lafargeholcum Foundations [1], “Sustainability is one of the worlds most talked about but least understood words, its meaning

Every year there is 1.3 billion tons of steel produced around the world. Steel is made in different sizes and categorized by how good the steel is, these is called grades and standards. Steel today is used in many things you wouldn’t even think of such as the armored vests policemen wear or jewelry. Stainless steel was invented in 1913 by Harry Brearley when he put 12.8% chromium and .24% carbon when the standard for steel was .12 - 2% carbon and 16 - 26% chromium. Stainless steel is used in almost all new home appliances and in Great Britain it was used for cars. Some buildings made with steel are the Chrysler building, the Empire State Building, and the Sears Tower. Another building made with tons of steel is the Burj Khalifa. It used 55,000 tons of steel to be made and at 2,717 feet it is the tallest building in the

Pig iron can also be converted to wrought iron and steel and the uses of these include: Wrought Iron: railings, hooks, chains, rivets and railway couplings. Steel: construction, transport, energy, packaging and appliances and industry 5. Discuss issues associated with wastes from the industrial separation processes used The smelting of iron utilises vast amounts of energy and thus creates greenhouse gas emissions.

Today’s Designers, Architects and Constructors have a duty of care to strive to produce energy efficient and energy saving buildings. Where possible the sustainability of resources / materials and techniques must be a primary concern in the decision making process.

As the human body ages, it becomes more fragile. America’s infrastructure is nearly the same. With the everyday use of many large structures, such as bridges, buildings, and other large structures made of concrete and/or steel, many are beginning to wither away while the average American is unaware of these changes. In many projects around the world, there is a material that is being commonly used to strengthen structures known as Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The types of structures that this material can help to strengthen includes, but is not limited to, reinforced concrete columns, bridge girders, steel structures, and cable

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The industry can be very susceptible to environmental issues together with other manufacturers. With the advent of campaigns toward saving the environment and “going green”, the society is now more concerned with how the industry’s wastes and other by-products are being managed. Using recycled materials and recycling one’s wastes can affect the industry’s over-all image as an environmental advocate.

We are in the age of peak metals. Our sources for metal are rapidly running out. The resources are scarce. The good news is that metal can be recycled limitlessly. In the article “Peak Metals: Metals Recycling Generates Green Jobs and Cuts CO2 emissions, written by Joyce Nelson, she discusses the positives of recycling and worries.

When it comes to Metals Hartford CT residents should always consider recycling, rather than tossing it something in the trash. In some cases, there is actually money to be made in metal recycling. Not only can money be made, but it's also good for the planet. This should be a major concern for everyone. The less trash that gets tossed into the landfill the better for everyone who lives on the Earth.

One of the reasons we should throw away the recycling business is that they release about 3 tons of carbon dioxide is released. “Carbon dioxide, a gas, is produced during the recycling process and can lead to climate change. A ton equals 2,000 pounds.” this shows that if getting

A few of these was include, methagenic material eliminating methane emissions and offsetting the reduction in landfill carbon sequestration, materials that require large energy input can be made from recycled inputs which require less energy and virgin materials, as well as the reduction of cardboard and paper products reduces the demand for fresh wood for harvest which increases forest carbon storage (Kelleher, Seidel, & Torrie, 2015). For certain materials, recycling, reducing, and reusing them have a positive effect on reducing the energy use of industries to manufacture them and GHGs. Some of these materials include aluminum and paper. The authors discuss how the overall GHG emissions that are embedded in a final product is still sensitive to the amount of energy used during the manufacturing process as well as the GHG intensity of the energy use and various fuels utilized during the manufacturing processes (Kelleher, Seidel, & Torrie, 2015). The authors also find that GHG associated with aluminum and paper is higher in the United States industry because of the lower GHG intensity of Canadian electricity (Kelleher, Seidel, & Torrie, 2015). This is the result of Canada utilizing more hydroelectricity and the United States depends more on coal for electricity (Kelleher, Seidel, & Torrie, 2015). Table 2 illustrates the impact of recycling due to forest carbon sequestration and energy savings on GHGs. In this table we see that aluminum, non-ferrous, and PET are the most recycled materials that have high energy savings and forest carbon sequestration. These materials are measured in tonnes and represented as CO2eq per tonne of recycled material. Moreover, the selected materials that have the least GHG impact on energy saving and forest carbon sequestration are glass, ferrous metals, steel, and

The first reason to support recycling is it helps keep the environment clean and healthy. Just by recycling steel you can reduce 76% of the water pollutants, 86% of the air pollutants, and 97% of the mining wastes. By simply recycling, you save trees, historic statues and more, humans, ect. The author of the passage ‘Is it Possible to Create Zero Waste?’ stated, “In 2009, San Francisco, California, passed a law that called for zero waste, and made recycling and composting mandatory. By 2010 San Francisco had become the greenest city in the United States, keeping 80 percent of its waste out of landfills and incinerators.” This statement supports the fact that when San Francisco made recycling mandatory, 80 percent of waste was kept out of landfills, which keeps the environment cleaner.

The use of steel rebars was started in construction in 18th century. Cast iron was used in the earlier age. Cast iron rebars were of high quality, and there was no corrosion. The technique was refined by embedding the steel bars in concrete. Square twisted steel bars (deformed bars) were introduced in 1960s but these were phased out due to their inherent inadequacies. Later the steel rebars of high yield strength were produced by raising carbon (>0.5 and <1.0 wt% content) as well as manganese contents. Carbon was added to steels in order to achieve strength and later on it was realized that higher content of carbon created problem of brittleness and accelerated rate of corrosion (due to the presence of higher proportion of cementite phases

Advances in building materials continually improve and in turn boost living standards while reducing environmental impact. While some of these improvements only exist in research labs, many new building material advancements benefit the trade today. A few of these improvements come in the form of stronger, longer lasting building mediums, while others reduce carbon footprint and waste during production. Upgrades such as these increase structure lifespan, save the environment and reduce the number of new builds required to serve landowner needs.

The bridge has a very well designed ‘sustainability’ concept, relying on upcycled materials to complete the bridge. These upcycled materials consist of the wood, the fishing net, the oil barrels and the plastic shielding for the barrels. These materials can be used for functional roles in the design, such as platforms, floatation, safety lines across hand rails, and so on. The bridge’s sustainability concept can be further supported by the ease of replacing materials, and not throwing them in the bin. The materials such as wood, plastic and pieces of metallic bolts and nuts can be recycled and reused for other purposed such as furniture, storage or completely recycled back into a molten form for the metallic objects.