Study Assesement Managerial Science

First, note that the $185 million spent to date is irrelevant. It is a sunk cost that will be lost regardless of the decision. The relevant question is whether the incremental benefits (the present value of the profits generated from the drug) exceed the incremental costs (the $40 million needed to keep the project alive). Since these costs and benefits span time, it is appropriate to compute the net present value. Here, the net present value of DAS’s R&D initiative is:

There are multiple health concerns worldwide and more and more drugs are needed every day. Many drugs however, are extremely expensive to develop, test, and produce. According to the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development (2002), it costs up to $802 million to bring a new drug to the market. In 2002, pharmaceutical companies spent $34 billion in research and development (Center-Watch, 2003). In addition to the costs, the overall time from the discovery to approve and market the drug can take up to 15 years.

37.|The “Big Five” personality trait that reflects the degree to which someone is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting is considered __________.|

Note: Final Sign Off can only be done when the student has completed both theory and practical components of the unit. (Please attach evidence of theory and practical at the back of the coversheet)

Discuss how this course has affected you in your development as a student and explain how it has prepared you for academic success.

Recently, there has been a debate about the high prescription drug prices in the United States. Accounting for 9.7% of the national health expenditure, $329.2 billion was spent on prescription medications ($931 per person) in 2011 (Linton, 2014). So what exactly is the average American getting with their $931? Well, because there is an extraordinary amount of time, effort, and energy that goes into creating, manufacturing, and distributing a new drug, it’s no wonder the prices are so high. But what other costs are folded into the prices of your prescribed medications? This review looks beyond just the research and development costs needed to take a new drug from idea to shelf by examining several journals and other credible, secondary sources, to shed some light on how much pharmaceutical companies are spending to develop, advertise, and sell their drugs.

is currently reviewing an opportunity to obtain a compound that is currently in Phase III development for the treatment of alcoholic addiction. Discovery management would like to determine if this new compound would address any unmet needs in the addiction marketplace.

The Vietnamese and Chinese shrimp’s "dumping" affect the U.S. seafood market in many. According to economists "dumping" is the fact of selling certain goods or services at a price below its real price, otherwise, below the market price or below its cost of production. In this case shrimps imported from Vietnam and China, because of the dumping policy, is cheap compare to shrimps produced in US. The result is The USA homemade shrimp will not be demanded/bought because of its high price. Referring to the law of demand, when a product is sold at higher price, its demand will decrease. Besides, if the USA homemade shrimp is not sold, that fact will threaten many jobs, firms and businesses, increasing by the same time the unemployment rate. Finally the U.S. seafood market will be highly (100%) dependent to importation.

is considered a strong leader in the manufacturing of products for people living with CNS and pain-related conditions, they are faced with challenges that could affect their future earning potential. They have their unaudited cash and equivalent flow for 2014 listed as $42.2 million (New York Times). While this number looks good on the surface, you have to look at what the actual amount will be at the close of the fourth quarter. They have manufactured a new opiate pain medicine, Zohydro ER. This is a drug that in the clinical trials was found to manage chronic pain in people who previously were not helped by anything else. It has now been approved by the FDA and is on the market. The threat they face is twofold. First, the threat of other pharmaceutical companies coming up with similar drugs. In fact Purdue Pharma has now received FDA approval of its drug, Hysingla, a “painkiller Purdue Pharma hopes will poach Zohydro's market share and sidestep the furor that has engulfed that drug” (Wasserman, 2014). Secondly, even though doctors are prescribing Zohydro ER to their patients, there is still a good deal of controversy about the potential danger of abuse and overdose from the drug due to its high potency of hydrocodone. These two threats alone can affect the future profits of the company. They will need to come up with ways to increase their earning potential and stay at the top of the pharmaceutical

The biopharmaceutical industry has historically been dominated by large companies. The threat of new entrants is low, but not impossible. The main path for entry into this market is through development of novel new drugs. New entrants are limited to this method of entry due to patent thickets surrounding incumbent drugs. The largest barrier to entry for companies attempting to enter the biopharmaceutical industry is high research and development costs. Not only must new firms develop and test new therapies, but they must also obtain approval from regulators in order to bring their products to market. Approval of a new drug requires highly capital intensive clinical test in addition to navigating a heavily bureaucratic approval process. The process is time consuming and

Drug innovation is one of the key challenges facing the pharma industry. R&D focused pharma companies currently invest approximately $12.6 billion a year in new drug development. This figure historically has doubled every five years and it typically takes a company 10 years to recoup the amount invested on one patent protected approved drug, after which competition in the generic sector erodes profit margins by about 80%. Pharma companies will spend between $350 million and $1 billion on new drugs over a period of 15 years. This number is staggering considering that “95% of experimental medicines that make it to human trials fail to be safe or effective.” Once a drug makes it to market, pharma companies have a finite amount of time to capitalize on the sales, distribution and marketing due to patent expiration. Additionally, something else pharma companies, especially generic focused companies should worry about is due to lower rates of successful

We cannot leave our discussion of the value of studying management without looking at the rewards and challenges of being a manager. What does it mean to be a manager? Being a manager in today\ 's dynamic work place provides many challenge.

Thank you for your submission to Journal of Management Education, “Criticality in Management Education: What It Is and What It Is Not” (JME-16-0084-ETR). I have completed the evaluation of your paper by soliciting reviews from three experts, who assessed the potential contribution to management education research. Based on their assessment and mine, I would like to offer a high risk revise and resubmit for this manuscript.

Your senior office assistant has put up a note for issue of TOT registration certificate to

Management Education in India is at the cross road, On the one hand is the Govt of India, the statutory body while on the other is the All India Council for technical Education. The Govt has permitted the AICTE for the establishment of several business schools which have to be monitored and ranked as per their standards by the AICTE. Management education in India is a new concept as because the preferred careers in the 1940s and the 50s were medicine and engineering and in the 1960s and 70s the IAS and the Central services, the craze since the 1980s has