Study Of Acetylene And Air Broadened Radiation Studies

The goal of this experiment is to study the most precise way of measuring molecular bond lengths and introduction to computational software used for studying molecular properties. This is of interest in that the instrument to being used, a Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, can measure the vibrational and rotational transitions of the fundamental and first overtone of CO. Through this experiment the objective is to collect data from the aforementioned instrument in order to determine vibrational and rotational spectroscopic constants and CO’s bond length, then to

Procedure: Have you made any changes to the procedure? Please explain. If you made no changes, state so. (1 point)

Alkanes are relatively unreactive. There are only a few types of reactions commonly performed. In this lab, halogenation was performed. In the methane molecule, the

Most aviation jet fuels are derived from Kerosene. Kerosene molecules can have varying numbers of carbons. It can have as little as 12 or as many as 15. This means the chemical formula can be anywhere from C_12 H_26 to C_15 H_32. (FOUR). From these basic chemical structures stem those that form JP-8, Jet-A, and other jet fuels. Jet-A is the lowest grade of fuel made from kerosene molecules. Typically available only in the United States to civilian aircraft, Jet-A varies from 8 to 16 carbon atoms per molecule. Jet-A1 fuel is nearly identical to Jet-A, except that it is manufactured to a higher standard as Jet-A, and is therefore available worldwide. Jet-A1 also contains between 8 and 16 carbon atoms per molecule. JP-8, also commonly known as NATO F-34 by other nations, is Jet-A1 with a package of additives specifically designed for military aircraft. These additives allow static dissipation, corrosion reduction, lubrication, anti-icing, and sometimes anti-oxidation and metal deactivation (FIVE).

The yield of following reactions for methane is related to the temperature and the amount of natural gas. The mass balance for free carbon and hydrogen is mentioned as

The theoretical value of the combustion of solid naphthalene was calculated by substituting their given values in the literature into equation (5) in place of their corresponding terms.

There are four main regions of IR absorptions: region 4000 – 3000 cm-1 corresponds to N-H, C-H and O-H stretching, region 2250- 2100 cm-1 is triple-bond stretching , region 2000- 1500 cm-1 is double bonds and the region below 1500 cm-1 is the fingerprint region where a variety of single bonds are absorbed.3 The chromic acid test is a test for oxidizability and gives a positive result for primary and secondary alcohols as well as aldehydes2. A positive result in the chromic acid test is indicated by a color change and the formation of a precipitate. Tertiary alcohols give negative results for the chromic acid test since there must be a hydrogen present on the alcoholic carbon for oxidation to occur. The 2,4 DNP test, tests for a carbonyl and is therefore a dependable test for aldehydes and ketones. Finally, 13C NMR spectroscopy is a test to determine the structure of a compound. 13C NMR detects the 13C isotope of carbon. Each carbon has a different chemical shift. A carbon’s chemical shift is affected by the electronegativity of nearby atoms. Carbons that are bonded to highly electronegative atoms resonant downfield because the electronegative atom pulls electrons away from the nearby carbons and cause those carbons to resonant downfield1 (John McMurry, 2008). A general trend is that sp3-hybridized carbons absorb from 0 to 90 ppm, sp2-hybridized carbons resonant between 110

AAS has contributed to the understanding of elements having different absorption emission spectra due to their difference in energy levels. In the absorption spectrum, the absorbed light are shown as black gaps. As the number of electrons increase, the number of spectral lines also increase. Hence, by measuring the absorption of light, the concentration of the element within a sample can be determined. By knowing the concentrations of an element, scientists are now aware that even the smallest amount can make a significant impact towards the biological system. Therefore, scientists have brainstormed ways to monitor the use of chemicals in the

CHE 133 Experiment 3, General Chemistry II Lab, Spring Quarter 2014-2015, DePaul University. [Online] https://www.d2l.depaul.edu (accessed April 25, 2015)

This entry was posted in Research papers and tagged UV Spectroscopy research paper, UV Spectroscopy research proposal on May 19, 2013.

Gas hydrates form clathrate structures consisting of hydrocarbon molecules within "cages" of water molecules. There are two clathrates of practical interest, the sI and sII structures. The sII structure can accommodate propane molecules, which is not possible for the smaller cages of the sI structure. Alternatively, the sII structure will not form in a gas mixture consisting only of the smaller methane molecules. For the complex mixture of hydrocarbons in natural gas, both sI and sII structures

The highly conjugated system of the cyanine dyes makes it a very good compound in the development of more efficient solar cells. In this experiment, the maximum wavelength was measured for nine dyes using a UV-Vis spectrum. The result that were obtained agreed with Kuhn’s model for the less polarizable end groups such as 3,3 '-diethyloxadicarbocyanine and 3,3 '-diethyloxatricarbocyanine. That suggested that these two compounds were not as easy to polarize compared to the rest of the dyes. The rest of the dyes required the use of the empirical parameter α to provide more reliable predictions of the wavelengths. This was due to the highly polarized ends of the dyes which needed the adjustment of the parameter to get more accurate results. The series with the higher polarizable end groups’ absorbed higher wavelength light than the less polarized groups. This supported the idea of the one-dimensional box. Also, higher wavelength was determined to be associated with longer conjugated carbon methine chains between the Nitrogen atoms. Kuhn’s free electron model was very reliable for this system.

Radiation, otherwise known as energy, is all around us. We measure this energy along a scale known as the electromagnetic spectrum. Humans are intimately familiar with a small portion of the spectrum known as visible light, but there are many other forms of energy that impact us every day. The podcast entitled "How do invisible x-rays help us see?" takes on the task of discussing x-rays and how they are used in our society. The Brains On! team also explains the unlikely relationship between x-rays and scotch tape.

Before any calculations, the spectra from the HCl solution and NaOH solution was verified to make sure that the wavelength at which the deprotonated form of 2-naphthol absorbs at 345 nm and that protonated form does not absorb significantly at the same wavelength. All the spectra in Figure 1 were baseline-corrected using the HCl solution spectrum, shown in Figure 2, and the NaOH solution spectrum was used to determine Amax at 345 nm.

Figure 2.5. Specific attenuation due to atmospheric gases (Pressure: 1013 hPa, Temperature: 15 ℃, Water Vapor Density: 7.5 g/m^2) [18]