Study Of Kashmir 's Count -? Rinsurg

Disputes over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent. Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself.

Many people believe that in the 1940’s most of India’s problems involving independence was to do with divisions within India rather than British imperialism. In this essay I will be looking at both points of view and finally giving my opinion. I will be using three sources also to help me show both sides of the story. I will also be using my further knowledge to add a wider range of knowledge.

The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).

Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped Jihad group with full moral,

One of these newly independent states was Kashmir, which according to its geographical positioning had the option of choosing either of the two dominions but there lied a problem which was, the ruler of Kashmir was a Hindu believer but the majority of the population in Kashmir was Muslim. Being

Conflict in Kashmir has been both devastating and ongoing since the Partition of India and Pakistan in 1947. The conflicts themselves arose from Partition, stemming from the religious dichotomies between Hindus and Muslims. The question is, was this religious conflict a result of impending and inevitable religious tensions in pre-Partition India, or does it stem primarily from British manipulation, disorganization, and negligence in the withdraw of the British Empire? While there were pre-existing tensions among religious groups in India, it was not until British occupation that these tensions were amplified and manipulated. While the conflict cannot be solely attributed to either preexisting religious tensions or British mishandling of policies, the catalyst for violence can be attributed to a combination of both factors. In an effective power play, the British yoked the differences among Indians in an unprecedented manner. This would act as the platform for a legacy of ongoing violence and discord among people that once lived harmoniously together. To fully understand the nature of the ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan in Kashmir, it is necessary to understand the relationship between British manipulation and the differences within the Indian population. By examining the way in which British power influenced the existing perceptions of these differences, one can attempt to understand the dividing (rather than coexisting) diversities. Additionally, the conflicts

Jammu and Kashmir, a Muslim majority state is the only state out of 29 federating units of the Indian Union where religious cleansing of a bare 3 percent Hindu Minority happened in 1990 at the hands of externally sponsored and armed insurgents in collaboration with their local operatives and sympathizers. What happened in Kashmir that led to the extirpation and displacement of the Hindu minority community? Let’s have an idea of it through their literature.

India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru made a pledge to resolve the Kashmir dispute in accordance with these resolutions. The sole criteria to settle the issue, he said, would be the “wishes of the Kashmir people”. A pledge that Prime Minister Nehru started violating soon after the UN resolutions were passed. The Article 370, which gave ‘special status’ to ‘Jammu and Kashmir’, was inserted in the Indian constitution. The ‘Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly’ was created on 5 November 1951. Prime minister Nehru also signed the Delhi Agreement with the then ‘ruler’ of the disputed State, Sheikh Abdullah, which incorporated Article 370. In 1957, the disputed State was incorporated into the Indian Union under a new Constitution. This was done in direct contravention of resolutions of the UNSC and UNCIP and the conditions of the controversial Instrument of Accession. The puppet ‘State’ government of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed rushed through the constitutional provision and the people of Kashmir were not consulted.

India thinks that Kashmir is not the issue for an international concern and India does not consider UN’s take on any political action over Kashmir. India’s apprehension of Kashmir is reasonable somehow because India has fought three times with Pakistan regarding Kashmir’s issue. On the contrary, resolution does not come through military action. According to India, if India is ready to establish Kashmir as a democratic province with all the privileges of an autonomous, there is no guarantee to Kashmir will be under the Indian union. Because there are lots of terrorist groups are fighting against India. Pakistan is supporting them by providing materials as well as financial backing (Schofield, V. 2000).

On 29th September 2016, the Indian army carried out surgical strikes against a number of positions along the Line of Control (LOC) in Kashmir in response to a militant attack in Uri eleven days earlier. The Indian military response is unprecedented, as India has historically responded to Pakistan’s support for militancy in the subcontinent through diplomatic channels. Even after the Mumbai attacks, which claimed the lives of 166 civilians, Indian officials published a 69 page dossier detailing the involvement of Pakistani state-agencies, and the government responded by pressurizing Pakistan on the international front, rather than attempting military action (Rabasa 2009, 12-14).

The Kashmir dispute dates from 1947. The partition of the Indian sub-continent along religious lines led to the formation of India and Pakistan.  Because of its location, Kashmir could choose to join either India or Pakistan. Pakistan fails to recognize the Instrument of Accession signed by Maharaja Hari Singh on October 26, 1947 ceding Kashmir to India as they believe it was signed for the sole purpose of military assistance. Many wars have been

Sixty years ago, in the summer of 1948, our nation, then newly born, was struggling for its very survival. In January, Mahatma Gandhi had been murdered by a Hindu fanatic. The act had shocked many Indians, but apparently it had the approval of some. According to one news report, the jailed assassin, Nathuram Godse, received an average of 50 letters a day expressing admiration for his action. This was part of a much wider right-wing, religious, reaction against Partition. Hindu and Sikh refugees from Pakistan were calling for retribution against the Muslims who had stayed behind in India. The relations between the two communities were poisoned further by the tribal invasion of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. With the raiders aided and

The problem arose from the day the British through its East India Company wanted to establish its rule over India for which in order to improve its economy sold Kashmir for a meager Rs.75 lacks to then Dogra Ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh under Amritsar Treaty. This led to “QUIT KASHMIR” movement for a long period.

Pakistan says that Kashmir is a disputed territory whose final status must be determined by the people of Kashmir. Pakistan always keep same just Jammu and Kashmir is occupied territory exception of India. Pakistan seas fire signed under the coercive pressure. And is here no legal and moral justification. And because the UN security council also accept the self deternation of the Kashmiri people and that’s way UN resolution still alive and effective.

While the Constitution recognises in Article 370 the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, the Central Government's policies since 1953 have totally undermined its autonomy. Senior lawyer and political analyst A.G. NOORANI discusses both aspects and suggests a way out of the mess.